+++ /dev/null
-See also @uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/glossary}.
-
-@table @acronym
-
-@item ASPI
-@cindex ASPI
-See @acronym{Win32 ASPI}
-
-@item ATAPI
-
-Advanced Technology (AT) Attachment Packet Interface. An interface to
-support CD Drives and DVD Drives using the computers current IDE
-connections. This is in contrast say to the SCSI protocol.
-
-IDE (also called ATA) was originally designed for hard drives only,
-but with help of ATAPI it is possible to connect other devices, in
-particular CD-ROMS to the IDE/EIDE connections.
-
-Many ATAPI CD-ROM drives understand a subset of MMC commands.
-
-@item BIN/CUE
-
-A CD-image format developed by Jeff Arnold for CDRWIN software on
-Microsoft Windows. Many other programs subsequently support using this
-format. The @code{.CUE} file is a text file which contains CD format
-and track layout information, while the @code{.BIN} file holds the
-actual data of each track.
-
-@item CD
-Compact Disc
-
-@item CD-DA
-@cindex CD-DA
-Compact Disc Digital Audio, described in the ``Red Book'' or ICE
-908. This commonly referred to as an audio @acronym{CD} and what most
-people think of when you play a @acronym{CD} as it was the first to
-use the @acronym{CD} medium.
-
-@item CD+G
-@cindex CD+G
-
-Compact Disc + Graphics. An extension of the CD audio format contains
-a limited amount of graphics in subcode channels. This disc works in
-all audio players but the graphics portion is only available in a
-special CD+G or Karaoke player.
-
-@item CD-i
-@cindex CD-i
-
-Compact Disc Interactive. An extension of the CD format designed
-around a set-top computer that connects to a TV to provide interactive
-home entertainment, including digital audio and video, video games,
-and software applications. Defined by the ``Green Book'' standard.
-@uref{http://www.icdia.org/}. CD-i for video and video music has
-largely (if not totally) been superceded by VCDs.
-
-@item CD-i Bridge
-@cindex CD-i Bridge
-
-A standard allowing CD-ROM XA discs to play on CD-i. Kodak PhotoCDs
-are CD-XA Bridge discs.
-
-@item CD-ROM
-@cindex CD-ROM
-
-Compact Disc Read Only Memory or ``Yellow Book'' describe in Standards
-ISO/IEC 10149. The data stored on it can be either in the form of
-audio, computer or video files.
-
-@item CD-ROM Mode 1 and Mode2
-
-The Yellow Book specifies two types of tracks, Mode 1 and Mode 2. Mode
-1 is used for computer data and text and has an extra error correction
-layer. Mode 2 is for audio and video data and has no extra correction
-layer. CD-ROM/XA An expansion of the CD-ROM Mode 2 format that allows
-both computer and audio/video to be mixed in the same track.
-
-@item CD Text
-@cindex CD Text
-
-CD Text is a technology developed by Sony Corporation and Philips
-Electronics in 1996 that allows storing in an audio CD and its tracks
-information such as artist name, title, songwriter, composer, or
-arranger. Commercially available audio CDs sometimes contain CD Text
-information.
-
-@item CD XA
-@cindex CD XA
-
-CD-ROM EXtended Architecture. A modification to the CD-ROM
-specification that defines two new types of sectors. CD-ROM XA was
-developed jointly by Sony, Philips, and Microsoft, and announced in
-August 1988. Its specifications were published in an extension to the
-Yellow Book. CD-i, Photo CD, Video CD and CD-EXTRA have all
-subsequently been based on CD-ROM XA.
-
-CD-XA defines another way of formatting sectors on a CD-ROM, including
-headers in the sectors that describe the type (audio, video, data) and
-some additional info (markers, resolution in case of a video or audio
-sector, file numbers, etc).
-
-The data written on a CD-XA is consistent with and can be in ISO-9660
-file system format and therefore be readable by ISO-9660 file system
-translators. But also a CD-I player can also read CD-XA discs even if
-its own `Green Book' file system only resembles ISO 9660 and isn't
-fully compatible.
-
-@item FSF
-@cindex FSF
-
-Free Software Foundation, @uref{http://www.fsf.org/}
-
-@item GNU
-@cindex GNU
-
-@acronym{GNU} is not @acronym{UNIX}, @uref{http://www.gnu.org/}
-
-@item ISO
-@cindex ISO
-
-International Standards Organization.
-
-@item ISO 9660
-@cindex ISO 9660
-
-The ISO 9660 is an operating-system independent filesystem format for
-CD-ROM media and DVD-ROMs. It was standardized in 1988 and replaced the
-High Sierra standard for the logical format on CD-ROM media (ISO 9660
-and High Sierra are identical in content, but the exact format is
-different).
-
-There are several specification levels. In Level 1, file names must be
-in the 8.3 format (no more than eight characters in the name, no more
-than three characters in the suffix) and in capital letters. Directory
-names can be no longer than eight characters. There can be no more
-than eight nested directory levels. Level 2 and 3 specifications allow
-file names up to 32 characters long.
-
-ECMA-119
-(@uref{http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-119.htm}
-is the European specification which is identical to ISO 9660.
-ISO 13490 is basically ISO 9660 with multisession support.
-
-@item Joliet extensions
-@cindex Joliet extensions
-
-This ISO-9660 upward-compatible standard was developed for Windows 95
-and Windows NT by Microsoft as an extension of ISO 9600 which allows
-the use of Unicode characters and supports file names up to 64
-characters.
-
-See @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/jolspec.html} for
-the Joliet Specification.
-
-@item LBA
-@cindex LBA
-
-Logical Block Addressing. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book
-Addressing MSF. The starting sector is -150 and ending sector is
-449849, which correlates directly to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74.
-Because an LBA is a single number it is often easier to work with in
-programming than an MSF.
-
-@item Lead in
-@cindex lead in
-
-The area of a CD where the Table Of Contents (TOC) and CDTEXT are
-stored. I think it is supposed to be around 4500 (1 min) or more
-sectors in length. On a CDR(W) the lead-in length is variable,
-because each manufacturer will have a different starting position
-indicated by the ATIP start of lead-in position that is recorded in
-the ATIP groove on the disk.
-
-@item LSN
-@cindex LSN
-
-Logical Sector Number. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book
-Addressing MSF. The starting sector is 0 and ending sector is 449699,
-which correlates to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74. Because an LSN is a
-single number it is often easier to work with in programming than an
-MSF. Because it starts at 0 rather than -150 as is the case of an LBA
-it can be represented as an unsigned value.
-
-@item MCN
-@cindex MCN
-
-Media Catalog Number. A identification number on an audio CD. Also
-called a UPC. Another identification number is ISRC.
-
-@item MMC
-@cindex MMC (Multimedia Commands)
-
-MMC (Multimedia Commands). A SCSI programming specification made by
-the SCSI committee T10 organization @url{http://www.t10.org/}. MMC
-are raw commands for communicating with CDROM drives, CD-Rewriters,
-DVD-Rewriters, etc.
-
-Many manufacturers have adopted this standard and it also applies to
-ATAPI versions of their drives.
-
-@item Mixed Mode CD
-@cindex Mixed Mode CD
-
-A Mixed Mode is a CD that contains tracks of differing CD-ROM Mode
-formats. In particular the first track may contain both computer data
-(Yellow Book) CD ROM data while the remaining tracks are audio or
-video data. Video CD's can be Mixed Mode CDs.
-
-@item Multisession
-@cindex Multisession
-
-A way of writing to a CD that allows more data to be
-added to readable discs at a later time.
-
-@item Nero NRG format file
-@cindex Nero NRG, CD-Image format
-
-A proprietary CD image file format use by a popular program for
-Microsoft Windows, Ahead Nero. The specification of this format is
-not to our knowlege published.
-
-@item SCSI
-@cindex SCSI
-
-Small Computer System Interface. A set of ANSI standard electronic
-interfaces (originally developed at Apple Computer) that allow
-personal computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as
-CD-ROM drives, disk drives, printers, etc.
-
-@item SCSI Pass Through Interface.
-@cindex SCSI Pass Through Interface.
-
-Yet another way of issuing MMC commands for accessing a CD-ROM. As
-with MMC or ASPI, the CD-ROM doesn't necessarily have to be a
-SCSI-attached drive. See also @acronym{MMC} and @acronym{ASPI}.
-
-@item Session
-
-A fully readable complete recording that contains one or more tracks
-of computer data or audio on a CD.
-
-@item SVCD
-@cindex Super VCD (SVCD)
-
-Super @acronym{VCD}
-
-An improvement of Video CD 2.0 specification which includes most
-notably a switch from @acronym{MPEG}-1 (constant bit rate encoding) to
-@acronym{MPEG}-2 (variable bit rate encoding) for the video stream.
-
-Also added was higher video-stream resolution, up to 4 overlay
-graphics and text (@dfn{OGT}) sub-channels for user switchable
-subtitle displaying, closed caption text, and command lists for
-controlling the @acronym{SVCD} virtual machine.
-
-See @uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/svcd}
-
-@item TOC
-@cindex TOC (CD Table of Contents)
-
-(Compact Disc) Table of Contents. The TOC contains the starting track
-number, last track number individual track starting time, and some
-track flags (copy protection, linear audio preemphasis, track format:
-CDDA or data). Every CD must have at least 1 TOC, the first TOC is
-always recorded at the start of the CD (lead-in area). A
-multi-session CD may have several TOCs.
-
-@item Track
-@cindex track
-
-A unit of data of a CD. The size of a track can vary; it can occupy
-the entire contents of the CD. Most CD standards however require that
-tracks have a 150 frame (or ``2 second'') lead-in gap.
-
-@item VCD
-@cindex Video CD (VCD)
-
-The Video Compact Disc (@dfn{Video CD} or @dfn{VCD}) is a standardized
-digital video storage format. It is based on the commonly available
-Compact Disc technology, which allows for low-cost video authoring.
-Video CD's can be played in most @acronym{DVD} standalone player,
-dedicated VCD players and finally, modern Personal Computers with
-multimedia support.
-
-A Video CD is made up of @acronym{CD-ROM XA} sectors,
-i.e. @acronym{CD-ROM} mode 2 form 1 & 2 sectors. Non-@acronym{MPEG} data
-is stored in mode 2 form 1 sectors with a user data area of 2048 byte,
-which have a similiar L2 error correction and detection
-(@acronym{ECC}/@acronym{EDC}) to @acronym{CD-ROM} mode 1 sectors. While
-realtime @acronym{MPEG} streams is stored in @acronym{CD-ROM} mode 2
-form 2 sectors, which by have no L2 @acronym{ECC}, yield a ~14% greater
-user data area consisting of 2324 bytes@footnote{actually raw mode 2
-sectors have a 2336 byte user data area, but parts of it are used for
-error codes and headers when using the mode 2 form 1 or form 2
-configurations.}
-
-@uref{http://www.dvdrhelp.com/vcd}
-
-@item Win32 ASPI
-@cindex ASPI
-
-The ASPI interface specification was developed by Adaptec for
-sending commands to a SCSI host adapter (such as those controlling CD
-and DVD drives) and used on Window 9x/NT and later. Emulation for
-ATAPI drives was added so that the same sets of commands worked those
-even though the drives might not be SCSI nor might there even be a
-SCSI controller attached.
-
-However in Windows NT/2K/XP, Microsoft provides their Win32 ioctl
-interface, and has take steps to make using ASPI more inaccessible
-(e.g. requiring adminstrative access to use ASPI).
-
-See also @acronym{MMC}
-
-@item Win32 ioctl driver
-
-Ioctl (Input Output ConTroLs). A Win32 function, implemented in all
-Microsoft Windows. It is used for sending commands to devices using
-defined codes and structures.
-
-@item XA
-@cindex XA
-
-See @acronym{CD-ROM XA}
-
-@end table
projects / vuplus_xbmc / blobdiff