[cstdstring] demise Format, replacing with StringUtils::Format

[vuplus_xbmc] / xbmc / utils / StdString.h

#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <vector>

#if defined(TARGET_WINDOWS) && !defined(va_copy)
#define va_copy(dst, src) ((dst) = (src))
#endif

// =============================================================================
//  FILE:  StdString.h
//  AUTHOR:  Joe O'Leary (with outside help noted in comments)
//
//    If you find any bugs in this code, please let me know:
//
//        jmoleary@earthlink.net
//        http://www.joeo.net/stdstring.htm (a bit outdated)
//
//      The latest version of this code should always be available at the
//      following link:
//
//              http://www.joeo.net/code/StdString.zip (Dec 6, 2003)
//
//
//  REMARKS:
//    This header file declares the CStdStr template.  This template derives
//    the Standard C++ Library basic_string<> template and add to it the
//    the following conveniences:
//      - The full MFC CString set of functions (including implicit cast)
//      - writing to/reading from COM IStream interfaces
//      - Functional objects for use in STL algorithms
//
//    From this template, we intstantiate two classes:  CStdStringA and
//    CStdStringW.  The name "CStdString" is just a #define of one of these,
//    based upone the UNICODE macro setting
//
//    This header also declares our own version of the MFC/ATL UNICODE-MBCS
//    conversion macros.  Our version looks exactly like the Microsoft's to
//    facilitate portability.
//
//  NOTE:
//    If you you use this in an MFC or ATL build, you should include either
//    afx.h or atlbase.h first, as appropriate.
//
//  PEOPLE WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THIS CLASS:
//
//    Several people have helped me iron out problems and othewise improve
//    this class.  OK, this is a long list but in my own defense, this code
//    has undergone two major rewrites.  Many of the improvements became
//    necessary after I rewrote the code as a template.  Others helped me
//    improve the CString facade.
//
//    Anyway, these people are (in chronological order):
//
//      - Pete the Plumber (???)
//      - Julian Selman
//      - Chris (of Melbsys)
//      - Dave Plummer
//      - John C Sipos
//      - Chris Sells
//      - Nigel Nunn
//      - Fan Xia
//      - Matthew Williams
//      - Carl Engman
//      - Mark Zeren
//      - Craig Watson
//      - Rich Zuris
//      - Karim Ratib
//      - Chris Conti
//      - Baptiste Lepilleur
//      - Greg Pickles
//      - Jim Cline
//      - Jeff Kohn
//      - Todd Heckel
//      - Ullrich Poll�hne
//      - Joe Vitaterna
//      - Joe Woodbury
//      - Aaron (no last name)
//      - Joldakowski (???)
//      - Scott Hathaway
//      - Eric Nitzche
//      - Pablo Presedo
//      - Farrokh Nejadlotfi
//      - Jason Mills
//      - Igor Kholodov
//      - Mike Crusader
//      - John James
//      - Wang Haifeng
//      - Tim Dowty
//          - Arnt Witteveen
//          - Glen Maynard
//          - Paul DeMarco
//          - Bagira (full name?)
//          - Ronny Schulz
//          - Jakko Van Hunen
//      - Charles Godwin
//      - Henk Demper
//      - Greg Marr
//      - Bill Carducci
//      - Brian Groose
//      - MKingman
//      - Don Beusee
//
//  REVISION HISTORY
//
//    2005-JAN-10 - Thanks to Don Beusee for pointing out the danger in mapping
//          length-checked formatting functions to non-length-checked
//          CRT equivalents.  Also thanks to him for motivating me to
//          optimize my implementation of Replace()
//
//    2004-APR-22 - A big, big thank you to "MKingman" (whoever you are) for
//          finally spotting a silly little error in StdCodeCvt that
//          has been causing me (and users of CStdString) problems for
//          years in some relatively rare conversions.  I had reversed
//          two length arguments.
//
//    2003-NOV-24 - Thanks to a bunch of people for helping me clean up many
//          compiler warnings (and yes, even a couple of actual compiler
//          errors).  These include Henk Demper for figuring out how
//          to make the Intellisense work on with CStdString on VC6,
//          something I was never able to do.  Greg Marr pointed out
//          a compiler warning about an unreferenced symbol and a
//          problem with my version of Load in MFC builds.  Bill
//          Carducci took a lot of time with me to help me figure out
//          why some implementations of the Standard C++ Library were
//          returning error codes for apparently successful conversions
//          between ASCII and UNICODE.  Finally thanks to Brian Groose
//          for helping me fix compiler signed unsigned warnings in
//          several functions.
//
//    2003-JUL-10 - Thanks to Charles Godwin for making me realize my 'FmtArg'
//          fixes had inadvertently broken the DLL-export code (which is
//                  normally commented out.  I had to move it up higher.  Also
//          this helped me catch a bug in ssicoll that would prevent
//                  compilation, otherwise.
//
//    2003-MAR-14 - Thanks to Jakko Van Hunen for pointing out a copy-and-paste
//                  bug in one of the overloads of FmtArg.
//
//    2003-MAR-10 - Thanks to Ronny Schulz for (twice!) sending me some changes
//                  to help CStdString build on SGI and for pointing out an
//                  error in placement of my preprocessor macros for ssfmtmsg.
//
//    2002-NOV-26 - Thanks to Bagira for pointing out that my implementation of
//                  SpanExcluding was not properly handling the case in which
//                  the string did NOT contain any of the given characters
//
//    2002-OCT-21 - Many thanks to Paul DeMarco who was invaluable in helping me
//                  get this code working with Borland's free compiler as well
//                  as the Dev-C++ compiler (available free at SourceForge).
//
//    2002-SEP-13 - Thanks to Glen Maynard who helped me get rid of some loud
//                  but harmless warnings that were showing up on g++.  Glen
//                  also pointed out that some pre-declarations of FmtArg<>
//                  specializations were unnecessary (and no good on G++)
//
//    2002-JUN-26 - Thanks to Arnt Witteveen for pointing out that I was using
//                  static_cast<> in a place in which I should have been using
//                  reinterpret_cast<> (the ctor for unsigned char strings).
//                  That's what happens when I don't unit-test properly!
//                  Arnt also noticed that CString was silently correcting the
//                  'nCount' argument to Left() and Right() where CStdString was
//                  not (and crashing if it was bad).  That is also now fixed!
//
//    2002-FEB-25 - Thanks to Tim Dowty for pointing out (and giving me the fix
//          for) a conversion problem with non-ASCII MBCS characters.
//          CStdString is now used in my favorite commercial MP3 player!
//
//    2001-DEC-06 - Thanks to Wang Haifeng for spotting a problem in one of the
//          assignment operators (for _bstr_t) that would cause compiler
//          errors when refcounting protection was turned off.
//
//    2001-NOV-27 - Remove calls to operator!= which involve reverse_iterators
//          due to a conflict with the rel_ops operator!=.  Thanks to
//          John James for pointing this out.
//
//    2001-OCT-29 - Added a minor range checking fix for the Mid function to
//          make it as forgiving as CString's version is.  Thanks to
//          Igor Kholodov for noticing this.
//          - Added a specialization of std::swap for CStdString.  Thanks
//          to Mike Crusader for suggesting this!  It's commented out
//          because you're not supposed to inject your own code into the
//          'std' namespace.  But if you don't care about that, it's
//          there if you want it
//          - Thanks to Jason Mills for catching a case where CString was
//          more forgiving in the Delete() function than I was.
//
//    2001-JUN-06 - I was violating the Standard name lookup rules stated
//          in [14.6.2(3)].  None of the compilers I've tried so
//          far apparently caught this but HP-UX aCC 3.30 did.  The
//          fix was to add 'this->' prefixes in many places.
//          Thanks to Farrokh Nejadlotfi for this!
//
//    2001-APR-27 - StreamLoad was calculating the number of BYTES in one
//          case, not characters.  Thanks to Pablo Presedo for this.
//
//    2001-FEB-23 - Replace() had a bug which caused infinite loops if the
//          source string was empty.  Fixed thanks to Eric Nitzsche.
//
//    2001-FEB-23 - Scott Hathaway was a huge help in providing me with the
//          ability to build CStdString on Sun Unix systems.  He
//          sent me detailed build reports about what works and what
//          does not.  If CStdString compiles on your Unix box, you
//          can thank Scott for it.
//
//    2000-DEC-29 - Joldakowski noticed one overload of Insert failed to do a
//          range check as CString's does.  Now fixed -- thanks!
//
//    2000-NOV-07 - Aaron pointed out that I was calling static member
//          functions of char_traits via a temporary.  This was not
//          technically wrong, but it was unnecessary and caused
//          problems for poor old buggy VC5.  Thanks Aaron!
//
//    2000-JUL-11 - Joe Woodbury noted that the CString::Find docs don't match
//          what the CString::Find code really ends up doing.   I was
//          trying to match the docs.  Now I match the CString code
//          - Joe also caught me truncating strings for GetBuffer() calls
//          when the supplied length was less than the current length.
//
//    2000-MAY-25 - Better support for STLPORT's Standard library distribution
//          - Got rid of the NSP macro - it interfered with Koenig lookup
//          - Thanks to Joe Woodbury for catching a TrimLeft() bug that
//          I introduced in January.  Empty strings were not getting
//          trimmed
//
//    2000-APR-17 - Thanks to Joe Vitaterna for pointing out that ReverseFind
//          is supposed to be a const function.
//
//    2000-MAR-07 - Thanks to Ullrich Poll�hne for catching a range bug in one
//          of the overloads of assign.
//
//    2000-FEB-01 - You can now use CStdString on the Mac with CodeWarrior!
//          Thanks to Todd Heckel for helping out with this.
//
//    2000-JAN-23 - Thanks to Jim Cline for pointing out how I could make the
//          Trim() function more efficient.
//          - Thanks to Jeff Kohn for prompting me to find and fix a typo
//          in one of the addition operators that takes _bstr_t.
//          - Got rid of the .CPP file -  you only need StdString.h now!
//
//    1999-DEC-22 - Thanks to Greg Pickles for helping me identify a problem
//          with my implementation of CStdString::FormatV in which
//          resulting string might not be properly NULL terminated.
//
//    1999-DEC-06 - Chris Conti pointed yet another basic_string<> assignment
//          bug that MS has not fixed.  CStdString did nothing to fix
//          it either but it does now!  The bug was: create a string
//          longer than 31 characters, get a pointer to it (via c_str())
//          and then assign that pointer to the original string object.
//          The resulting string would be empty.  Not with CStdString!
//
//    1999-OCT-06 - BufferSet was erasing the string even when it was merely
//          supposed to shrink it.  Fixed.  Thanks to Chris Conti.
//          - Some of the Q172398 fixes were not checking for assignment-
//          to-self.  Fixed.  Thanks to Baptiste Lepilleur.
//
//    1999-AUG-20 - Improved Load() function to be more efficient by using
//          SizeOfResource().  Thanks to Rich Zuris for this.
//          - Corrected resource ID constructor, again thanks to Rich.
//          - Fixed a bug that occurred with UNICODE characters above
//          the first 255 ANSI ones.  Thanks to Craig Watson.
//          - Added missing overloads of TrimLeft() and TrimRight().
//          Thanks to Karim Ratib for pointing them out
//
//    1999-JUL-21 - Made all calls to GetBuf() with no args check length first.
//
//    1999-JUL-10 - Improved MFC/ATL independence of conversion macros
//          - Added SS_NO_REFCOUNT macro to allow you to disable any
//          reference-counting your basic_string<> impl. may do.
//          - Improved ReleaseBuffer() to be as forgiving as CString.
//          Thanks for Fan Xia for helping me find this and to
//          Matthew Williams for pointing it out directly.
//
//    1999-JUL-06 - Thanks to Nigel Nunn for catching a very sneaky bug in
//          ToLower/ToUpper.  They should call GetBuf() instead of
//          data() in order to ensure the changed string buffer is not
//          reference-counted (in those implementations that refcount).
//
//    1999-JUL-01 - Added a true CString facade.  Now you can use CStdString as
//          a drop-in replacement for CString.  If you find this useful,
//          you can thank Chris Sells for finally convincing me to give
//          in and implement it.
//          - Changed operators << and >> (for MFC CArchive) to serialize
//          EXACTLY as CString's do.  So now you can send a CString out
//          to a CArchive and later read it in as a CStdString.   I have
//          no idea why you would want to do this but you can.
//
//    1999-JUN-21 - Changed the CStdString class into the CStdStr template.
//          - Fixed FormatV() to correctly decrement the loop counter.
//          This was harmless bug but a bug nevertheless.  Thanks to
//          Chris (of Melbsys) for pointing it out
//          - Changed Format() to try a normal stack-based array before
//          using to _alloca().
//          - Updated the text conversion macros to properly use code
//          pages and to fit in better in MFC/ATL builds.  In other
//          words, I copied Microsoft's conversion stuff again.
//          - Added equivalents of CString::GetBuffer, GetBufferSetLength
//          - new sscpy() replacement of CStdString::CopyString()
//          - a Trim() function that combines TrimRight() and TrimLeft().
//
//    1999-MAR-13 - Corrected the "NotSpace" functional object to use _istpace()
//          instead of _isspace()   Thanks to Dave Plummer for this.
//
//    1999-FEB-26 - Removed errant line (left over from testing) that #defined
//          _MFC_VER.  Thanks to John C Sipos for noticing this.
//
//    1999-FEB-03 - Fixed a bug in a rarely-used overload of operator+() that
//          caused infinite recursion and stack overflow
//          - Added member functions to simplify the process of
//          persisting CStdStrings to/from DCOM IStream interfaces
//          - Added functional objects (e.g. StdStringLessNoCase) that
//          allow CStdStrings to be used as keys STL map objects with
//          case-insensitive comparison
//          - Added array indexing operators (i.e. operator[]).  I
//          originally assumed that these were unnecessary and would be
//          inherited from basic_string.  However, without them, Visual
//          C++ complains about ambiguous overloads when you try to use
//          them.  Thanks to Julian Selman to pointing this out.
//
//    1998-FEB-?? - Added overloads of assign() function to completely account
//          for Q172398 bug.  Thanks to "Pete the Plumber" for this
//
//    1998-FEB-?? - Initial submission
//
// COPYRIGHT:
//    2002 Joseph M. O'Leary.  This code is 100% free.  Use it anywhere you
//      want.  Rewrite it, restructure it, whatever.  If you can write software
//      that makes money off of it, good for you.  I kinda like capitalism.
//      Please don't blame me if it causes your $30 billion dollar satellite
//      explode in orbit.  If you redistribute it in any form, I'd appreciate it
//      if you would leave this notice here.
// =============================================================================

// Avoid multiple inclusion

#ifndef STDSTRING_H
#define STDSTRING_H

// When using VC, turn off browser references
// Turn off unavoidable compiler warnings

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER > 1100)
  #pragma component(browser, off, references, "CStdString")
  #pragma warning (disable : 4290) // C++ Exception Specification ignored
  #pragma warning (disable : 4127) // Conditional expression is constant
  #pragma warning (disable : 4097) // typedef name used as synonym for class name
#endif

// Borland warnings to turn off

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
    #pragma option push -w-inl
//  #pragma warn -inl   // Turn off inline function warnings
#endif

// SS_IS_INTRESOURCE
// -----------------
//    A copy of IS_INTRESOURCE from VC7.  Because old VC6 version of winuser.h
//    doesn't have this.

#define SS_IS_INTRESOURCE(_r) (false)

#if !defined (SS_ANSI) && defined(_MSC_VER)
  #undef SS_IS_INTRESOURCE
  #if defined(_WIN64)
    #define SS_IS_INTRESOURCE(_r) (((uint64_t)(_r) >> 16) == 0)
  #else
    #define SS_IS_INTRESOURCE(_r) (((unsigned long)(_r) >> 16) == 0)
  #endif
#endif


// MACRO: SS_UNSIGNED
// ------------------
//      This macro causes the addition of a constructor and assignment operator
//      which take unsigned characters.  CString has such functions and in order
//      to provide maximum CString-compatability, this code needs them as well.
//      In practice you will likely never need these functions...

//#define SS_UNSIGNED

#ifdef SS_ALLOW_UNSIGNED_CHARS
  #define SS_UNSIGNED
#endif

// MACRO: SS_SAFE_FORMAT
// ---------------------
//      This macro provides limited compatability with a questionable CString
//      "feature".  You can define it in order to avoid a common problem that
//      people encounter when switching from CString to CStdString.
//
//      To illustrate the problem -- With CString, you can do this:
//
//          CString sName("Joe");
//          CString sTmp;
//          sTmp.Format("My name is %s", sName);                    // WORKS!
//
//      However if you were to try this with CStdString, your program would
//      crash.
//
//          CStdString sName("Joe");
//          CStdString sTmp;
//          sTmp.Format("My name is %s", sName);                    // CRASHES!
//
//      You must explicitly call c_str() or cast the object to the proper type
//
//          sTmp.Format("My name is %s", sName.c_str());            // WORKS!
//          sTmp.Format("My name is %s", static_cast<PCSTR>(sName));// WORKS!
//          sTmp.Format("My name is %s", (PCSTR)sName);        // WORKS!
//
//      This is because it is illegal to pass anything but a POD type as a
//      variadic argument to a variadic function (i.e. as one of the "..."
//      arguments).  The type const char* is a POD type.  The type CStdString
//      is not.  Of course, neither is the type CString, but CString lets you do
//      it anyway due to the way they laid out the class in binary.  I have no
//      control over this in CStdString since I derive from whatever
//      implementation of basic_string is available.
//
//      However if you have legacy code (which does this) that you want to take
//      out of the MFC world and you don't want to rewrite all your calls to
//      Format(), then you can define this flag and it will no longer crash.
//
//      Note however that this ONLY works for Format(), not sprintf, fprintf,
//      etc.  If you pass a CStdString object to one of those functions, your
//      program will crash.  Not much I can do to get around this, short of
//      writing substitutes for those functions as well.

#define SS_SAFE_FORMAT  // use new template style Format() function


// MACRO: SS_NO_IMPLICIT_CAST
// --------------------------
//      Some people don't like the implicit cast to const char* (or rather to
//      const CT*) that CStdString (and MFC's CString) provide.  That was the
//      whole reason I created this class in the first place, but hey, whatever
//      bakes your cake.  Just #define this macro to get rid of the the implicit
//      cast.

//#define SS_NO_IMPLICIT_CAST // gets rid of operator const CT*()


// MACRO: SS_NO_REFCOUNT
// ---------------------
//    turns off reference counting at the assignment level.  Only needed
//    for the version of basic_string<> that comes with Visual C++ versions
//    6.0 or earlier, and only then in some heavily multithreaded scenarios.
//    Uncomment it if you feel you need it.

//#define SS_NO_REFCOUNT

// MACRO: SS_WIN32
// ---------------
//      When this flag is set, we are building code for the Win32 platform and
//      may use Win32 specific functions (such as LoadString).  This gives us
//      a couple of nice extras for the code.
//
//      Obviously, Microsoft's is not the only compiler available for Win32 out
//      there.  So I can't just check to see if _MSC_VER is defined to detect
//      if I'm building on Win32.  So for now, if you use MS Visual C++ or
//      Borland's compiler, I turn this on.  Otherwise you may turn it on
//      yourself, if you prefer

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_WIN32)
 #define SS_WIN32
#endif

// MACRO: SS_ANSI
// --------------
//      When this macro is defined, the code attempts only to use ANSI/ISO
//      standard library functions to do it's work.  It will NOT attempt to use
//      any Win32 of Visual C++ specific functions -- even if they are
//      available.  You may define this flag yourself to prevent any Win32
//      of VC++ specific functions from being called.

// If we're not on Win32, we MUST use an ANSI build

#ifndef SS_WIN32
    #if !defined(SS_NO_ANSI)
        #define SS_ANSI
    #endif
#endif

// MACRO: SS_ALLOCA
// ----------------
//      Some implementations of the Standard C Library have a non-standard
//      function known as alloca().  This functions allows one to allocate a
//      variable amount of memory on the stack.  It is needed to implement
//      the ASCII/MBCS conversion macros.
//
//      I wanted to find some way to determine automatically if alloca() is
//    available on this platform via compiler flags but that is asking for
//    trouble.  The crude test presented here will likely need fixing on
//    other platforms.  Therefore I'll leave it up to you to fiddle with
//    this test to determine if it exists.  Just make sure SS_ALLOCA is or
//    is not defined as appropriate and you control this feature.

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SS_ANSI)
  #define SS_ALLOCA
#endif


// MACRO: SS_MBCS
// --------------
//    Setting this macro means you are using MBCS characters.  In MSVC builds,
//    this macro gets set automatically by detection of the preprocessor flag
//    _MBCS.  For other platforms you may set it manually if you wish.  The
//    only effect it currently has is to cause the allocation of more space
//    for wchar_t --> char conversions.
//    Note that MBCS does not mean UNICODE.
//
//  #define SS_MBCS
//

#ifdef _MBCS
  #define SS_MBCS
#endif


// MACRO SS_NO_LOCALE
// ------------------
// If your implementation of the Standard C++ Library lacks the <locale> header,
// you can #define this macro to make your code build properly.  Note that this
// is some of my newest code and frankly I'm not very sure of it, though it does
// pass my unit tests.

// #define SS_NO_LOCALE


// Compiler Error regarding _UNICODE and UNICODE
// -----------------------------------------------
// Microsoft header files are screwy.  Sometimes they depend on a preprocessor
// flag named "_UNICODE".  Other times they check "UNICODE" (note the lack of
// leading underscore in the second version".  In several places, they silently
// "synchronize" these two flags this by defining one of the other was defined.
// In older version of this header, I used to try to do the same thing.
//
// However experience has taught me that this is a bad idea.  You get weird
// compiler errors that seem to indicate things like LPWSTR and LPTSTR not being
// equivalent in UNICODE builds, stuff like that (when they MUST be in a proper
// UNICODE  build).  You end up scratching your head and saying, "But that HAS
// to compile!".
//
// So what should you do if you get this error?
//
// Make sure that both macros (_UNICODE and UNICODE) are defined before this
// file is included.  You can do that by either
//
//    a) defining both yourself before any files get included
//    b) including the proper MS headers in the proper order
//    c) including this file before any other file, uncommenting
//       the #defines below, and commenting out the #errors
//
//  Personally I recommend solution a) but it's your call.

#ifdef _MSC_VER
  #if defined (_UNICODE) && !defined (UNICODE)
    #error UNICODE defined  but not UNICODE
  //  #define UNICODE  // no longer silently fix this
  #endif
  #if defined (UNICODE) && !defined (_UNICODE)
    #error Warning, UNICODE defined  but not _UNICODE
  //  #define _UNICODE  // no longer silently fix this
  #endif
#endif


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MIN and MAX.  The Standard C++ template versions go by so many names (at
// at least in the MS implementation) that you never know what's available
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template<class Type>
inline const Type& SSMIN(const Type& arg1, const Type& arg2)
{
  return arg2 < arg1 ? arg2 : arg1;
}
template<class Type>
inline const Type& SSMAX(const Type& arg1, const Type& arg2)
{
  return arg2 > arg1 ? arg2 : arg1;
}

// If they have not #included W32Base.h (part of my W32 utility library) then
// we need to define some stuff.  Otherwise, this is all defined there.

#if !defined(W32BASE_H)

  // If they want us to use only standard C++ stuff (no Win32 stuff)

  #ifdef SS_ANSI

    // On Win32 we have TCHAR.H so just include it.  This is NOT violating
        // the spirit of SS_ANSI as we are not calling any Win32 functions here.

    #ifdef SS_WIN32

      #include <TCHAR.H>
      #include <WTYPES.H>
      #ifndef STRICT
        #define STRICT
      #endif

        // ... but on non-Win32 platforms, we must #define the types we need.

    #else

      typedef const char*    PCSTR;
      typedef char*      PSTR;
      typedef const wchar_t*  PCWSTR;
      typedef wchar_t*    PWSTR;
      #ifdef UNICODE
        typedef wchar_t    TCHAR;
      #else
        typedef char    TCHAR;
      #endif
      typedef wchar_t      OLECHAR;

    #endif  // #ifndef _WIN32


    // Make sure ASSERT and verify are defined using only ANSI stuff

    #ifndef ASSERT
      #include <assert.h>
      #define ASSERT(f) assert((f))
    #endif
    #ifndef VERIFY
      #ifdef _DEBUG
        #define VERIFY(x) ASSERT((x))
      #else
        #define VERIFY(x) x
      #endif
    #endif

  #else // ...else SS_ANSI is NOT defined

    #include <TCHAR.H>
    #include <WTYPES.H>
    #ifndef STRICT
      #define STRICT
    #endif

    // Make sure ASSERT and verify are defined

    #ifndef ASSERT
      #include <crtdbg.h>
      #define ASSERT(f) _ASSERTE((f))
    #endif
    #ifndef VERIFY
      #ifdef _DEBUG
        #define VERIFY(x) ASSERT((x))
      #else
        #define VERIFY(x) x
      #endif
    #endif

  #endif // #ifdef SS_ANSI

  #ifndef UNUSED
    #define UNUSED(x) x
  #endif

#endif // #ifndef W32BASE_H

// Standard headers needed

#include <string>      // basic_string
#include <algorithm>    // for_each, etc.
#include <functional>    // for StdStringLessNoCase, et al
#ifndef SS_NO_LOCALE
  #include <locale>      // for various facets
#endif

// If this is a recent enough version of VC include comdef.h, so we can write
// member functions to deal with COM types & compiler support classes e.g.
// _bstr_t

#if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1100)
 #include <comdef.h>
 #define SS_INC_COMDEF  // signal that we #included MS comdef.h file
 #define STDSTRING_INC_COMDEF
 #define SS_NOTHROW __declspec(nothrow)
#else
  #define SS_NOTHROW
#endif

#ifndef TRACE
  #define TRACE_DEFINED_HERE
  #define TRACE
#endif

// Microsoft defines PCSTR, PCWSTR, etc, but no PCTSTR.  I hate to use the
// versions with the "L" in front of them because that's a leftover from Win 16
// days, even though it evaluates to the same thing.  Therefore, Define a PCSTR
// as an LPCTSTR.

#if !defined(PCTSTR) && !defined(PCTSTR_DEFINED)
  typedef const TCHAR*      PCTSTR;
  #define PCTSTR_DEFINED
#endif

#if !defined(PCOLESTR) && !defined(PCOLESTR_DEFINED)
  typedef const OLECHAR*      PCOLESTR;
  #define PCOLESTR_DEFINED
#endif

#if !defined(POLESTR) && !defined(POLESTR_DEFINED)
  typedef OLECHAR*        POLESTR;
  #define POLESTR_DEFINED
#endif

#if !defined(PCUSTR) && !defined(PCUSTR_DEFINED)
  typedef const unsigned char*  PCUSTR;
  typedef unsigned char*      PUSTR;
  #define PCUSTR_DEFINED
#endif


// SGI compiler 7.3 doesnt know these  types - oh and btw, remember to use
// -LANG:std in the CXX Flags
#if defined(__sgi)
    typedef unsigned long           DWORD;
    typedef void *                  LPCVOID;
#endif


// SS_USE_FACET macro and why we need it:
//
// Since I'm a good little Standard C++ programmer, I use locales.  Thus, I
// need to make use of the use_facet<> template function here.   Unfortunately,
// this need is complicated by the fact the MS' implementation of the Standard
// C++ Library has a non-standard version of use_facet that takes more
// arguments than the standard dictates.  Since I'm trying to write CStdString
// to work with any version of the Standard library, this presents a problem.
//
// The upshot of this is that I can't do 'use_facet' directly.  The MS' docs
// tell me that I have to use a macro, _USE() instead.  Since _USE obviously
// won't be available in other implementations, this means that I have to write
// my OWN macro -- SS_USE_FACET -- that evaluates either to _USE or to the
// standard, use_facet.
//
// If you are having trouble with the SS_USE_FACET macro, in your implementation
// of the Standard C++ Library, you can define your own version of SS_USE_FACET.

#ifndef schMSG
  #define schSTR(x)     #x
  #define schSTR2(x)  schSTR(x)
  #define schMSG(desc) message(__FILE__ "(" schSTR2(__LINE__) "):" #desc)
#endif

#ifndef SS_USE_FACET

  // STLPort #defines a macro (__STL_NO_EXPLICIT_FUNCTION_TMPL_ARGS) for
  // all MSVC builds, erroneously in my opinion.  It causes problems for
  // my SS_ANSI builds.  In my code, I always comment out that line.  You'll
  // find it in   \stlport\config\stl_msvc.h

  #if defined(__SGI_STL_PORT) && (__SGI_STL_PORT >= 0x400 )

    #if defined(__STL_NO_EXPLICIT_FUNCTION_TMPL_ARGS) && defined(_MSC_VER)
      #ifdef SS_ANSI
        #pragma schMSG(__STL_NO_EXPLICIT_FUNCTION_TMPL_ARGS defined!!)
      #endif
    #endif
    #define SS_USE_FACET(loc, fac) std::use_facet<fac >(loc)

  #elif defined(_MSC_VER )

    #define SS_USE_FACET(loc, fac) std::_USE(loc, fac)

  // ...and
  #elif defined(_RWSTD_NO_TEMPLATE_ON_RETURN_TYPE)

        #define SS_USE_FACET(loc, fac) std::use_facet(loc, (fac*)0)

  #else

    #define SS_USE_FACET(loc, fac) std::use_facet<fac >(loc)

  #endif

#endif

// =============================================================================
// UNICODE/MBCS conversion macros.  Made to work just like the MFC/ATL ones.
// =============================================================================

#include <wchar.h>      // Added to Std Library with Amendment #1.

// First define the conversion helper functions.  We define these regardless of
// any preprocessor macro settings since their names won't collide.

// Not sure if we need all these headers.   I believe ANSI says we do.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <wctype.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#ifndef va_start
  #include <varargs.h>
#endif


#ifdef SS_NO_LOCALE

  #if defined(_WIN32) || defined (_WIN32_WCE)

    inline PWSTR StdCodeCvt(PWSTR pDstW, int nDst, PCSTR pSrcA, int nSrc,
      UINT acp=CP_ACP)
    {
      ASSERT(0 != pSrcA);
      ASSERT(0 != pDstW);
      pDstW[0] = '\0';
      MultiByteToWideChar(acp, 0, pSrcA, nSrc, pDstW, nDst);
      return pDstW;
    }
    inline PWSTR StdCodeCvt(PWSTR pDstW, int nDst, PCUSTR pSrcA, int nSrc,
      UINT acp=CP_ACP)
    {
      return StdCodeCvt(pDstW, nDst, (PCSTR)pSrcA, nSrc, acp);
    }

    inline PSTR StdCodeCvt(PSTR pDstA, int nDst, PCWSTR pSrcW, int nSrc,
      UINT acp=CP_ACP)
    {
      ASSERT(0 != pDstA);
      ASSERT(0 != pSrcW);
      pDstA[0] = '\0';
      WideCharToMultiByte(acp, 0, pSrcW, nSrc, pDstA, nDst, 0, 0);
      return pDstA;
    }
    inline PUSTR StdCodeCvt(PUSTR pDstA, int nDst, PCWSTR pSrcW, int nSrc,
      UINT acp=CP_ACP)
    {
      return (PUSTR)StdCodeCvt((PSTR)pDstA, nDst, pSrcW, nSrc, acp);
    }
  #else
  #endif

#else

  // StdCodeCvt - made to look like Win32 functions WideCharToMultiByte
  //        and MultiByteToWideChar but uses locales in SS_ANSI
  //        builds.  There are a number of overloads.
  //              First argument is the destination buffer.
  //              Second argument is the source buffer
  //#if defined (SS_ANSI) || !defined (SS_WIN32)

  // 'SSCodeCvt' - shorthand name for the codecvt facet we use

  typedef std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> SSCodeCvt;

  inline PWSTR StdCodeCvt(PWSTR pDstW, int nDst, PCSTR pSrcA, int nSrc,
    const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
  {
    ASSERT(0 != pSrcA);
    ASSERT(0 != pDstW);

    pDstW[0]          = '\0';

    if ( nSrc > 0 )
    {
      PCSTR pNextSrcA      = pSrcA;
      PWSTR pNextDstW      = pDstW;
      SSCodeCvt::result res  = SSCodeCvt::ok;
      const SSCodeCvt& conv  = SS_USE_FACET(loc, SSCodeCvt);
#if defined(TARGET_DARWIN) || defined(TARGET_FREEBSD)
      SSCodeCvt::state_type st= { { 0 } };
#else
      SSCodeCvt::state_type st= { 0 };
#endif
      res            = conv.in(st,
                    pSrcA, pSrcA + nSrc, pNextSrcA,
                    pDstW, pDstW + nDst, pNextDstW);
#ifdef TARGET_POSIX
#define ASSERT2(a) if (!(a)) {fprintf(stderr, "StdString: Assertion Failed on line %d\n", __LINE__);}
#else
#define ASSERT2 ASSERT
#endif
      ASSERT2(SSCodeCvt::ok == res);
      ASSERT2(SSCodeCvt::error != res);
      ASSERT2(pNextDstW >= pDstW);
      ASSERT2(pNextSrcA >= pSrcA);
#undef ASSERT2
      // Null terminate the converted string

      if ( pNextDstW - pDstW > nDst )
        *(pDstW + nDst) = '\0';
      else
        *pNextDstW = '\0';
    }
    return pDstW;
  }
  inline PWSTR StdCodeCvt(PWSTR pDstW, int nDst, PCUSTR pSrcA, int nSrc,
    const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
  {
    return StdCodeCvt(pDstW, nDst, (PCSTR)pSrcA, nSrc, loc);
  }

  inline PSTR StdCodeCvt(PSTR pDstA, int nDst, PCWSTR pSrcW, int nSrc,
    const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
  {
    ASSERT(0 != pDstA);
    ASSERT(0 != pSrcW);

    pDstA[0]          = '\0';

    if ( nSrc > 0 )
    {
      PSTR pNextDstA      = pDstA;
      PCWSTR pNextSrcW    = pSrcW;
      SSCodeCvt::result res  = SSCodeCvt::ok;
      const SSCodeCvt& conv  = SS_USE_FACET(loc, SSCodeCvt);
#if defined(TARGET_DARWIN) || defined(TARGET_FREEBSD)
      SSCodeCvt::state_type st= { { 0 } };
#else
      SSCodeCvt::state_type st= { 0 };
#endif
      res            = conv.out(st,
                    pSrcW, pSrcW + nSrc, pNextSrcW,
                    pDstA, pDstA + nDst, pNextDstA);
#ifdef TARGET_POSIX
#define ASSERT2(a) if (!(a)) {fprintf(stderr, "StdString: Assertion Failed on line %d\n", __LINE__);}
#else
#define ASSERT2 ASSERT
#endif
      ASSERT2(SSCodeCvt::error != res);
      ASSERT2(SSCodeCvt::ok == res);  // strict, comment out for sanity
      ASSERT2(pNextDstA >= pDstA);
      ASSERT2(pNextSrcW >= pSrcW);
#undef ASSERT2

      // Null terminate the converted string

      if ( pNextDstA - pDstA > nDst )
        *(pDstA + nDst) = '\0';
      else
        *pNextDstA = '\0';
    }
    return pDstA;
  }

  inline PUSTR StdCodeCvt(PUSTR pDstA, int nDst, PCWSTR pSrcW, int nSrc,
    const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
  {
    return (PUSTR)StdCodeCvt((PSTR)pDstA, nDst, pSrcW, nSrc, loc);
  }

#endif



// Unicode/MBCS conversion macros are only available on implementations of
// the "C" library that have the non-standard _alloca function.  As far as I
// know that's only Microsoft's though I've heard that the function exists
// elsewhere.

#if defined(SS_ALLOCA) && !defined SS_NO_CONVERSION

    #include <malloc.h>  // needed for _alloca

    // Define our conversion macros to look exactly like Microsoft's to
    // facilitate using this stuff both with and without MFC/ATL

    #ifdef _CONVERSION_USES_THREAD_LOCALE

      #ifndef _DEBUG
        #define SSCVT int _cvt; _cvt; UINT _acp=GetACP(); \
          _acp; PCWSTR _pw; _pw; PCSTR _pa; _pa
      #else
        #define SSCVT int _cvt = 0; _cvt; UINT _acp=GetACP();\
           _acp; PCWSTR _pw=0; _pw; PCSTR _pa=0; _pa
      #endif
      #define SSA2W(pa) (\
        ((_pa = pa) == 0) ? 0 : (\
          _cvt = (sslen(_pa)),\
          StdCodeCvt((PWSTR) _alloca((_cvt+1)*2), (_cvt+1)*2, \
              _pa, _cvt, _acp)))
      #define SSW2A(pw) (\
        ((_pw = pw) == 0) ? 0 : (\
          _cvt = sslen(_pw), \
          StdCodeCvt((LPSTR) _alloca((_cvt+1)*2), (_cvt+1)*2, \
          _pw, _cvt, _acp)))
  #else

      #ifndef _DEBUG
        #define SSCVT int _cvt; _cvt; UINT _acp=CP_ACP; _acp;\
           PCWSTR _pw; _pw; PCSTR _pa; _pa
      #else
        #define SSCVT int _cvt = 0; _cvt; UINT _acp=CP_ACP; \
          _acp; PCWSTR _pw=0; _pw; PCSTR _pa=0; _pa
      #endif
      #define SSA2W(pa) (\
        ((_pa = pa) == 0) ? 0 : (\
          _cvt = (sslen(_pa)),\
          StdCodeCvt((PWSTR) _alloca((_cvt+1)*2), (_cvt+1)*2, \
          _pa, _cvt)))
      #define SSW2A(pw) (\
        ((_pw = pw) == 0) ? 0 : (\
          _cvt = (sslen(_pw)),\
          StdCodeCvt((LPSTR) _alloca((_cvt+1)*2), (_cvt+1)*2, \
          _pw, _cvt)))
    #endif

    #define SSA2CW(pa) ((PCWSTR)SSA2W((pa)))
    #define SSW2CA(pw) ((PCSTR)SSW2A((pw)))

    #ifdef UNICODE
      #define SST2A  SSW2A
      #define SSA2T  SSA2W
      #define SST2CA  SSW2CA
      #define SSA2CT  SSA2CW
    // (Did you get a compiler error here about not being able to convert
    // PTSTR into PWSTR?  Then your _UNICODE and UNICODE flags are messed
    // up.  Best bet: #define BOTH macros before including any MS headers.)
      inline PWSTR  SST2W(PTSTR p)      { return p; }
      inline PTSTR  SSW2T(PWSTR p)      { return p; }
      inline PCWSTR  SST2CW(PCTSTR p)    { return p; }
      inline PCTSTR  SSW2CT(PCWSTR p)    { return p; }
    #else
      #define SST2W  SSA2W
      #define SSW2T  SSW2A
      #define SST2CW  SSA2CW
      #define SSW2CT  SSW2CA
      inline PSTR    SST2A(PTSTR p)      { return p; }
      inline PTSTR  SSA2T(PSTR p)      { return p; }
      inline PCSTR  SST2CA(PCTSTR p)    { return p; }
      inline PCTSTR  SSA2CT(PCSTR p)      { return p; }
    #endif // #ifdef UNICODE

    #if defined(UNICODE)
    // in these cases the default (TCHAR) is the same as OLECHAR
      inline PCOLESTR  SST2COLE(PCTSTR p)    { return p; }
      inline PCTSTR  SSOLE2CT(PCOLESTR p)  { return p; }
      inline POLESTR  SST2OLE(PTSTR p)    { return p; }
      inline PTSTR  SSOLE2T(POLESTR p)    { return p; }
    #elif defined(OLE2ANSI)
    // in these cases the default (TCHAR) is the same as OLECHAR
      inline PCOLESTR  SST2COLE(PCTSTR p)    { return p; }
      inline PCTSTR  SSOLE2CT(PCOLESTR p)  { return p; }
      inline POLESTR  SST2OLE(PTSTR p)    { return p; }
      inline PTSTR  SSOLE2T(POLESTR p)    { return p; }
    #else
      //CharNextW doesn't work on Win95 so we use this
      #define SST2COLE(pa)  SSA2CW((pa))
      #define SST2OLE(pa)    SSA2W((pa))
      #define SSOLE2CT(po)  SSW2CA((po))
      #define SSOLE2T(po)    SSW2A((po))
    #endif

    #ifdef OLE2ANSI
      #define SSW2OLE    SSW2A
      #define SSOLE2W    SSA2W
      #define SSW2COLE  SSW2CA
      #define SSOLE2CW  SSA2CW
      inline POLESTR    SSA2OLE(PSTR p)    { return p; }
      inline PSTR      SSOLE2A(POLESTR p)  { return p; }
      inline PCOLESTR    SSA2COLE(PCSTR p)  { return p; }
      inline PCSTR    SSOLE2CA(PCOLESTR p){ return p; }
    #else
      #define SSA2OLE    SSA2W
      #define SSOLE2A    SSW2A
      #define SSA2COLE  SSA2CW
      #define SSOLE2CA  SSW2CA
      inline POLESTR    SSW2OLE(PWSTR p)  { return p; }
      inline PWSTR    SSOLE2W(POLESTR p)  { return p; }
      inline PCOLESTR    SSW2COLE(PCWSTR p)  { return p; }
      inline PCWSTR    SSOLE2CW(PCOLESTR p){ return p; }
    #endif

    // Above we've defined macros that look like MS' but all have
    // an 'SS' prefix.  Now we need the real macros.  We'll either
    // get them from the macros above or from MFC/ATL.

  #if defined (USES_CONVERSION)

    #define _NO_STDCONVERSION  // just to be consistent

  #else

    #ifdef _MFC_VER

      #include <afxconv.h>
      #define _NO_STDCONVERSION // just to be consistent

    #else

      #define USES_CONVERSION SSCVT
      #define A2CW      SSA2CW
      #define W2CA      SSW2CA
      #define T2A        SST2A
      #define A2T        SSA2T
      #define T2W        SST2W
      #define W2T        SSW2T
      #define T2CA      SST2CA
      #define A2CT      SSA2CT
      #define T2CW      SST2CW
      #define W2CT      SSW2CT
      #define ocslen      sslen
      #define ocscpy      sscpy
      #define T2COLE      SST2COLE
      #define OLE2CT      SSOLE2CT
      #define T2OLE      SST2COLE
      #define OLE2T      SSOLE2CT
      #define A2OLE      SSA2OLE
      #define OLE2A      SSOLE2A
      #define W2OLE      SSW2OLE
      #define OLE2W      SSOLE2W
      #define A2COLE      SSA2COLE
      #define OLE2CA      SSOLE2CA
      #define W2COLE      SSW2COLE
      #define OLE2CW      SSOLE2CW

    #endif // #ifdef _MFC_VER
  #endif // #ifndef USES_CONVERSION
#endif // #ifndef SS_NO_CONVERSION

// Define ostring - generic name for std::basic_string<OLECHAR>

#if !defined(ostring) && !defined(OSTRING_DEFINED)
  typedef std::basic_string<OLECHAR> ostring;
  #define OSTRING_DEFINED
#endif

// StdCodeCvt when there's no conversion to be done
template <typename T>
inline T* StdCodeCvt(T* pDst, int nDst, const T* pSrc, int nSrc)
{
  int nChars = SSMIN(nSrc, nDst);

  if ( nChars > 0 )
  {
    pDst[0]        = '\0';
    std::basic_string<T>::traits_type::copy(pDst, pSrc, nChars);
//    std::char_traits<T>::copy(pDst, pSrc, nChars);
    pDst[nChars]  = '\0';
  }

  return pDst;
}
inline PSTR StdCodeCvt(PSTR pDst, int nDst, PCUSTR pSrc, int nSrc)
{
  return StdCodeCvt(pDst, nDst, (PCSTR)pSrc, nSrc);
}
inline PUSTR StdCodeCvt(PUSTR pDst, int nDst, PCSTR pSrc, int nSrc)
{
  return (PUSTR)StdCodeCvt((PSTR)pDst, nDst, pSrc, nSrc);
}

// Define tstring -- generic name for std::basic_string<TCHAR>

#if !defined(tstring) && !defined(TSTRING_DEFINED)
  typedef std::basic_string<TCHAR> tstring;
  #define TSTRING_DEFINED
#endif

// a very shorthand way of applying the fix for KB problem Q172398
// (basic_string assignment bug)

#if defined ( _MSC_VER ) && ( _MSC_VER < 1200 )
  #define Q172398(x) (x).erase()
#else
  #define Q172398(x)
#endif

// =============================================================================
// INLINE FUNCTIONS ON WHICH CSTDSTRING RELIES
//
// Usually for generic text mapping, we rely on preprocessor macro definitions
// to map to string functions.  However the CStdStr<> template cannot use
// macro-based generic text mappings because its character types do not get
// resolved until template processing which comes AFTER macro processing.  In
// other words, the preprocessor macro UNICODE is of little help to us in the
// CStdStr template
//
// Therefore, to keep the CStdStr declaration simple, we have these inline
// functions.  The template calls them often.  Since they are inline (and NOT
// exported when this is built as a DLL), they will probably be resolved away
// to nothing.
//
// Without these functions, the CStdStr<> template would probably have to broken
// out into two, almost identical classes.  Either that or it would be a huge,
// convoluted mess, with tons of "if" statements all over the place checking the
// size of template parameter CT.
// =============================================================================

#ifdef SS_NO_LOCALE

  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Win32 GetStringTypeEx wrappers
  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  inline bool wsGetStringType(LCID lc, DWORD dwT, PCSTR pS, int nSize,
    WORD* pWd)
  {
    return FALSE != GetStringTypeExA(lc, dwT, pS, nSize, pWd);
  }
  inline bool wsGetStringType(LCID lc, DWORD dwT, PCWSTR pS, int nSize,
    WORD* pWd)
  {
    return FALSE != GetStringTypeExW(lc, dwT, pS, nSize, pWd);
  }


  template<typename CT>
    inline bool ssisspace (CT t)
  {
    WORD toYourMother;
    return  wsGetStringType(GetThreadLocale(), CT_CTYPE1, &t, 1, &toYourMother)
      && 0 != (C1_BLANK & toYourMother);
  }

#endif

// If they defined SS_NO_REFCOUNT, then we must convert all assignments

#if defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1300)
  #ifdef SS_NO_REFCOUNT
    #define SSREF(x) (x).c_str()
  #else
    #define SSREF(x) (x)
  #endif
#else
  #define SSREF(x) (x)
#endif

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// sslen: strlen/wcslen wrappers
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template<typename CT> inline int sslen(const CT* pT)
{
  return 0 == pT ? 0 : (int)std::basic_string<CT>::traits_type::length(pT);
//  return 0 == pT ? 0 : std::char_traits<CT>::length(pT);
}
inline SS_NOTHROW int sslen(const std::string& s)
{
  return static_cast<int>(s.length());
}
inline SS_NOTHROW int sslen(const std::wstring& s)
{
  return static_cast<int>(s.length());
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// sstolower/sstoupper -- convert characters to upper/lower case
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifdef SS_NO_LOCALE
  inline char sstoupper(char ch)    { return (char)::toupper(ch); }
  inline wchar_t sstoupper(wchar_t ch){ return (wchar_t)::towupper(ch); }
  inline char sstolower(char ch)    { return (char)::tolower(ch); }
  inline wchar_t sstolower(wchar_t ch){ return (wchar_t)::tolower(ch); }
#else
  template<typename CT>
  inline CT sstolower(const CT& t, const std::locale& loc = std::locale())
  {
    return std::tolower<CT>(t, loc);
  }
  template<typename CT>
  inline CT sstoupper(const CT& t, const std::locale& loc = std::locale())
  {
    return std::toupper<CT>(t, loc);
  }
#endif

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ssasn: assignment functions -- assign "sSrc" to "sDst"
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef std::string::size_type    SS_SIZETYPE; // just for shorthand, really
typedef std::string::pointer    SS_PTRTYPE;
typedef std::wstring::size_type    SW_SIZETYPE;
typedef std::wstring::pointer    SW_PTRTYPE;


template <typename T>
inline void  ssasn(std::basic_string<T>& sDst, const std::basic_string<T>& sSrc)
{
  if ( sDst.c_str() != sSrc.c_str() )
  {
    sDst.erase();
    sDst.assign(SSREF(sSrc));
  }
}
template <typename T>
inline void  ssasn(std::basic_string<T>& sDst, const T *pA)
{
  // Watch out for NULLs, as always.

  if ( 0 == pA )
  {
    sDst.erase();
  }

  // If pA actually points to part of sDst, we must NOT erase(), but
  // rather take a substring

  else if ( pA >= sDst.c_str() && pA <= sDst.c_str() + sDst.size() )
  {
    sDst =sDst.substr(static_cast<typename std::basic_string<T>::size_type>(pA-sDst.c_str()));
  }

  // Otherwise (most cases) apply the assignment bug fix, if applicable
  // and do the assignment

  else
  {
    Q172398(sDst);
    sDst.assign(pA);
  }
}
inline void  ssasn(std::string& sDst, const std::wstring& sSrc)
{
  if ( sSrc.empty() )
  {
    sDst.erase();
  }
  else
  {
    int nDst  = static_cast<int>(sSrc.size());

    // In MBCS builds, pad the buffer to account for the possibility of
    // some 3 byte characters.  Not perfect but should get most cases.

#ifdef SS_MBCS
    // In MBCS builds, we don't know how long the destination string will be.
    nDst  = static_cast<int>(static_cast<double>(nDst) * 1.3);
    sDst.resize(nDst+1);
    PCSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()), nDst,
      sSrc.c_str(), static_cast<int>(sSrc.size()));
    sDst.resize(sslen(szCvt));
#else
    sDst.resize(nDst+1);
    StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()), nDst,
      sSrc.c_str(), static_cast<int>(sSrc.size()));
    sDst.resize(sSrc.size());
#endif
  }
}
inline void  ssasn(std::string& sDst, PCWSTR pW)
{
  int nSrc  = sslen(pW);
  if ( nSrc > 0 )
  {
    int nSrc  = sslen(pW);
    int nDst  = nSrc;

    // In MBCS builds, pad the buffer to account for the possibility of
    // some 3 byte characters.  Not perfect but should get most cases.

#ifdef SS_MBCS
    nDst  = static_cast<int>(static_cast<double>(nDst) * 1.3);
    // In MBCS builds, we don't know how long the destination string will be.
    sDst.resize(nDst + 1);
    PCSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()), nDst,
      pW, nSrc);
    sDst.resize(sslen(szCvt));
#else
    sDst.resize(nDst + 1);
    StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()), nDst, pW, nSrc);
    sDst.resize(nDst);
#endif
  }
  else
  {
    sDst.erase();
  }
}
inline void ssasn(std::string& sDst, const int nNull)
{
  //UNUSED(nNull);
  ASSERT(nNull==0);
  sDst.assign("");
}
#undef StrSizeType
inline void  ssasn(std::wstring& sDst, const std::string& sSrc)
{
  if ( sSrc.empty() )
  {
    sDst.erase();
  }
  else
  {
    int nSrc  = static_cast<int>(sSrc.size());
    int nDst  = nSrc;

    sDst.resize(nSrc+1);
    PCWSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SW_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()), nDst,
      sSrc.c_str(), nSrc);

    sDst.resize(sslen(szCvt));
  }
}
inline void  ssasn(std::wstring& sDst, PCSTR pA)
{
  int nSrc  = sslen(pA);

  if ( 0 == nSrc )
  {
    sDst.erase();
  }
  else
  {
    int nDst  = nSrc;
    sDst.resize(nDst+1);
    PCWSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SW_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()), nDst, pA,
      nSrc);

    sDst.resize(sslen(szCvt));
  }
}
inline void ssasn(std::wstring& sDst, const int nNull)
{
  //UNUSED(nNull);
  ASSERT(nNull==0);
  sDst.assign(L"");
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ssadd: string object concatenation -- add second argument to first
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
inline void  ssadd(std::string& sDst, const std::wstring& sSrc)
{
  int nSrc  = static_cast<int>(sSrc.size());

  if ( nSrc > 0 )
  {
    int nDst  = static_cast<int>(sDst.size());
    int nAdd  = nSrc;

    // In MBCS builds, pad the buffer to account for the possibility of
    // some 3 byte characters.  Not perfect but should get most cases.

#ifdef SS_MBCS
    nAdd    = static_cast<int>(static_cast<double>(nAdd) * 1.3);
    sDst.resize(nDst+nAdd+1);
    PCSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst),
      nAdd, sSrc.c_str(), nSrc);
    sDst.resize(nDst + sslen(szCvt));
#else
    sDst.resize(nDst+nAdd+1);
    StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst), nAdd, sSrc.c_str(), nSrc);
    sDst.resize(nDst + nAdd);
#endif
  }
}
template <typename T>
inline void  ssadd(typename std::basic_string<T>& sDst, const typename std::basic_string<T>& sSrc)
{
  sDst += sSrc;
}
inline void  ssadd(std::string& sDst, PCWSTR pW)
{
  int nSrc    = sslen(pW);
  if ( nSrc > 0 )
  {
    int nDst  = static_cast<int>(sDst.size());
    int nAdd  = nSrc;

#ifdef SS_MBCS
    nAdd  = static_cast<int>(static_cast<double>(nAdd) * 1.3);
    sDst.resize(nDst + nAdd + 1);
    PCSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst),
      nAdd, pW, nSrc);
    sDst.resize(nDst + sslen(szCvt));
#else
    sDst.resize(nDst + nAdd + 1);
    StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SS_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst), nAdd, pW, nSrc);
    sDst.resize(nDst + nSrc);
#endif
  }
}
template <typename T>
inline void  ssadd(typename std::basic_string<T>& sDst, const T *pA)
{
  if ( pA )
  {
    // If the string being added is our internal string or a part of our
    // internal string, then we must NOT do any reallocation without
    // first copying that string to another object (since we're using a
    // direct pointer)

    if ( pA >= sDst.c_str() && pA <= sDst.c_str()+sDst.length())
    {
      if ( sDst.capacity() <= sDst.size()+sslen(pA) )
        sDst.append(std::basic_string<T>(pA));
      else
        sDst.append(pA);
    }
    else
    {
      sDst.append(pA);
    }
  }
}
inline void  ssadd(std::wstring& sDst, const std::string& sSrc)
{
  if ( !sSrc.empty() )
  {
    int nSrc  = static_cast<int>(sSrc.size());
    int nDst  = static_cast<int>(sDst.size());

    sDst.resize(nDst + nSrc + 1);
#ifdef SS_MBCS
    PCWSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SW_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst),
      nSrc, sSrc.c_str(), nSrc+1);
    sDst.resize(nDst + sslen(szCvt));
#else
    StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SW_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst), nSrc, sSrc.c_str(), nSrc+1);
    sDst.resize(nDst + nSrc);
#endif
  }
}
inline void  ssadd(std::wstring& sDst, PCSTR pA)
{
  int nSrc    = sslen(pA);

  if ( nSrc > 0 )
  {
    int nDst  = static_cast<int>(sDst.size());

    sDst.resize(nDst + nSrc + 1);
#ifdef SS_MBCS
    PCWSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SW_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst),
      nSrc, pA, nSrc+1);
    sDst.resize(nDst + sslen(szCvt));
#else
    StdCodeCvt(const_cast<SW_PTRTYPE>(sDst.data()+nDst), nSrc, pA, nSrc+1);
    sDst.resize(nDst + nSrc);
#endif
  }
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// sscmp: comparison (case sensitive, not affected by locale)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template<typename CT>
inline int sscmp(const CT* pA1, const CT* pA2)
{
    CT f;
    CT l;

    do
    {
      f = *(pA1++);
      l = *(pA2++);
    } while ( (f) && (f == l) );

    return (int)(f - l);
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ssicmp: comparison (case INsensitive, not affected by locale)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template<typename CT>
inline int ssicmp(const CT* pA1, const CT* pA2)
{
  // Using the "C" locale = "not affected by locale"

  std::locale loc = std::locale::classic();
    const std::ctype<CT>& ct = SS_USE_FACET(loc, std::ctype<CT>);
    CT f;
    CT l;

    do
    {
      f = ct.tolower(*(pA1++));
      l = ct.tolower(*(pA2++));
    } while ( (f) && (f == l) );

    return (int)(f - l);
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ssupr/sslwr: Uppercase/Lowercase conversion functions
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template<typename CT>
inline void sslwr(CT* pT, size_t nLen, const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
{
  SS_USE_FACET(loc, std::ctype<CT>).tolower(pT, pT+nLen);
}
template<typename CT>
inline void ssupr(CT* pT, size_t nLen, const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
{
  SS_USE_FACET(loc, std::ctype<CT>).toupper(pT, pT+nLen);
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// vsprintf/vswprintf or _vsnprintf/_vsnwprintf equivalents.  In standard
// builds we can't use _vsnprintf/_vsnwsprintf because they're MS extensions.
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Borland's headers put some ANSI "C" functions in the 'std' namespace.
// Promote them to the global namespace so we can use them here.

#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
    using std::vsprintf;
    using std::vswprintf;
#endif

  // GNU is supposed to have vsnprintf and vsnwprintf.  But only the newer
  // distributions do.

#if defined(__GNUC__)

  inline int ssvsprintf(PSTR pA, size_t nCount, PCSTR pFmtA, va_list vl)
  {
    return vsnprintf(pA, nCount, pFmtA, vl);
  }
  inline int ssvsprintf(PWSTR pW, size_t nCount, PCWSTR pFmtW, va_list vl)
  {
    return vswprintf(pW, nCount, pFmtW, vl);
  }

  // Microsofties can use
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SS_ANSI)

  inline int  ssvsprintf(PSTR pA, size_t nCount, PCSTR pFmtA, va_list vl)
  {
    return _vsnprintf(pA, nCount, pFmtA, vl);
  }
  inline int  ssvsprintf(PWSTR pW, size_t nCount, PCWSTR pFmtW, va_list vl)
  {
    return _vsnwprintf(pW, nCount, pFmtW, vl);
  }

#elif defined (SS_DANGEROUS_FORMAT)  // ignore buffer size parameter if needed?

  inline int ssvsprintf(PSTR pA, size_t /*nCount*/, PCSTR pFmtA, va_list vl)
  {
    return vsprintf(pA, pFmtA, vl);
  }

  inline int ssvsprintf(PWSTR pW, size_t nCount, PCWSTR pFmtW, va_list vl)
  {
    // JMO: Some distributions of the "C" have a version of vswprintf that
        // takes 3 arguments (e.g. Microsoft, Borland, GNU).  Others have a
        // version which takes 4 arguments (an extra "count" argument in the
        // second position.  The best stab I can take at this so far is that if
        // you are NOT running with MS, Borland, or GNU, then I'll assume you
        // have the version that takes 4 arguments.
        //
        // I'm sure that these checks don't catch every platform correctly so if
        // you get compiler errors on one of the lines immediately below, it's
        // probably because your implemntation takes a different number of
        // arguments.  You can comment out the offending line (and use the
        // alternate version) or you can figure out what compiler flag to check
        // and add that preprocessor check in.  Regardless, if you get an error
        // on these lines, I'd sure like to hear from you about it.
        //
        // Thanks to Ronny Schulz for the SGI-specific checks here.

//  #if !defined(__MWERKS__) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC_COMPAT) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
    #if    !defined(_MSC_VER) \
        && !defined (__BORLANDC__) \
        && !defined(__GNUC__) \
        && !defined(__sgi)

        return vswprintf(pW, nCount, pFmtW, vl);

    // suddenly with the current SGI 7.3 compiler there is no such function as
    // vswprintf and the substitute needs explicit casts to compile

    #elif defined(__sgi)

        nCount;
        return vsprintf( (char *)pW, (char *)pFmtW, vl);

    #else

        nCount;
        return vswprintf(pW, pFmtW, vl);

    #endif

  }

#endif

  // GOT COMPILER PROBLEMS HERE?
  // ---------------------------
  // Does your compiler choke on one or more of the following 2 functions?  It
  // probably means that you don't have have either vsnprintf or vsnwprintf in
  // your version of the CRT.  This is understandable since neither is an ANSI
  // "C" function.  However it still leaves you in a dilemma.  In order to make
  // this code build, you're going to have to to use some non-length-checked
  // formatting functions that every CRT has:  vsprintf and vswprintf.
  //
  // This is very dangerous.  With the proper erroneous (or malicious) code, it
  // can lead to buffer overlows and crashing your PC.  Use at your own risk
  // In order to use them, just #define SS_DANGEROUS_FORMAT at the top of
  // this file.
  //
  // Even THEN you might not be all the way home due to some non-conforming
  // distributions.  More on this in the comments below.

  inline int  ssnprintf(PSTR pA, size_t nCount, PCSTR pFmtA, va_list vl)
  {
  #ifdef _MSC_VER
      return _vsnprintf(pA, nCount, pFmtA, vl);
  #else
      return vsnprintf(pA, nCount, pFmtA, vl);
  #endif
  }
  inline int  ssnprintf(PWSTR pW, size_t nCount, PCWSTR pFmtW, va_list vl)
  {
  #ifdef _MSC_VER
      return _vsnwprintf(pW, nCount, pFmtW, vl);
  #else
      return vswprintf(pW, nCount, pFmtW, vl);
  #endif
  }




// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ssload: Type safe, overloaded ::LoadString wrappers
// There is no equivalent of these in non-Win32-specific builds.  However, I'm
// thinking that with the message facet, there might eventually be one
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#if defined (SS_WIN32) && !defined(SS_ANSI)
  inline int ssload(HMODULE hInst, UINT uId, PSTR pBuf, int nMax)
  {
    return ::LoadStringA(hInst, uId, pBuf, nMax);
  }
  inline int ssload(HMODULE hInst, UINT uId, PWSTR pBuf, int nMax)
  {
    return ::LoadStringW(hInst, uId, pBuf, nMax);
  }
#if defined ( _MSC_VER ) && ( _MSC_VER >= 1500 )
  inline int ssload(HMODULE hInst, UINT uId, uint16_t *pBuf, int nMax)
  {
    return 0;
  }
  inline int ssload(HMODULE hInst, UINT uId, uint32_t *pBuf, int nMax)
  {
    return 0;
  }
#endif
#endif


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// sscoll/ssicoll: Collation wrappers
//    Note -- with MSVC I have reversed the arguments order here because the
//    functions appear to return the opposite of what they should
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef SS_NO_LOCALE
template <typename CT>
inline int sscoll(const CT* sz1, int nLen1, const CT* sz2, int nLen2)
{
  const std::collate<CT>& coll =
    SS_USE_FACET(std::locale(), std::collate<CT>);

  return coll.compare(sz2, sz2+nLen2, sz1, sz1+nLen1);
}
template <typename CT>
inline int ssicoll(const CT* sz1, int nLen1, const CT* sz2, int nLen2)
{
  const std::locale loc;
  const std::collate<CT>& coll = SS_USE_FACET(loc, std::collate<CT>);

  // Some implementations seem to have trouble using the collate<>
  // facet typedefs so we'll just default to basic_string and hope
  // that's what the collate facet uses (which it generally should)

//  std::collate<CT>::string_type s1(sz1);
//  std::collate<CT>::string_type s2(sz2);
  const std::basic_string<CT> sEmpty;
    std::basic_string<CT> s1(sz1 ? sz1 : sEmpty.c_str());
    std::basic_string<CT> s2(sz2 ? sz2 : sEmpty.c_str());

  sslwr(const_cast<CT*>(s1.c_str()), nLen1, loc);
  sslwr(const_cast<CT*>(s2.c_str()), nLen2, loc);
  return coll.compare(s2.c_str(), s2.c_str()+nLen2,
            s1.c_str(), s1.c_str()+nLen1);
}
#endif


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ssfmtmsg: FormatMessage equivalents.  Needed because I added a CString facade
// Again -- no equivalent of these on non-Win32 builds but their might one day
// be one if the message facet gets implemented
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#if defined (SS_WIN32) && !defined(SS_ANSI)
  inline DWORD ssfmtmsg(DWORD dwFlags, LPCVOID pSrc, DWORD dwMsgId,
              DWORD dwLangId, PSTR pBuf, DWORD nSize,
              va_list* vlArgs)
  {
    return FormatMessageA(dwFlags, pSrc, dwMsgId, dwLangId,
                pBuf, nSize,vlArgs);
  }
  inline DWORD ssfmtmsg(DWORD dwFlags, LPCVOID pSrc, DWORD dwMsgId,
              DWORD dwLangId, PWSTR pBuf, DWORD nSize,
              va_list* vlArgs)
  {
    return FormatMessageW(dwFlags, pSrc, dwMsgId, dwLangId,
                pBuf, nSize,vlArgs);
  }
#else
#endif



// FUNCTION: sscpy.  Copies up to 'nMax' characters from pSrc to pDst.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// FUNCTION:  sscpy
//    inline int sscpy(PSTR pDst, PCSTR pSrc, int nMax=-1);
//    inline int sscpy(PUSTR pDst,  PCSTR pSrc, int nMax=-1)
//    inline int sscpy(PSTR pDst, PCWSTR pSrc, int nMax=-1);
//    inline int sscpy(PWSTR pDst, PCWSTR pSrc, int nMax=-1);
//    inline int sscpy(PWSTR pDst, PCSTR pSrc, int nMax=-1);
//
// DESCRIPTION:
//    This function is very much (but not exactly) like strcpy.  These
//    overloads simplify copying one C-style string into another by allowing
//    the caller to specify two different types of strings if necessary.
//
//    The strings must NOT overlap
//
//    "Character" is expressed in terms of the destination string, not
//    the source.  If no 'nMax' argument is supplied, then the number of
//    characters copied will be sslen(pSrc).  A NULL terminator will
//    also be added so pDst must actually be big enough to hold nMax+1
//    characters.  The return value is the number of characters copied,
//    not including the NULL terminator.
//
// PARAMETERS:
//    pSrc - the string to be copied FROM.  May be a char based string, an
//         MBCS string (in Win32 builds) or a wide string (wchar_t).
//    pSrc - the string to be copied TO.  Also may be either MBCS or wide
//    nMax - the maximum number of characters to be copied into szDest.  Note
//         that this is expressed in whatever a "character" means to pDst.
//         If pDst is a wchar_t type string than this will be the maximum
//         number of wchar_ts that my be copied.  The pDst string must be
//         large enough to hold least nMaxChars+1 characters.
//         If the caller supplies no argument for nMax this is a signal to
//         the routine to copy all the characters in pSrc, regardless of
//         how long it is.
//
// RETURN VALUE: none
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

template<typename CT1, typename CT2>
inline int sscpycvt(CT1* pDst, const CT2* pSrc, int nMax)
{
  // Note -- we assume pDst is big enough to hold pSrc.  If not, we're in
  // big trouble.  No bounds checking.  Caveat emptor.

  int nSrc = sslen(pSrc);

  const CT1* szCvt = StdCodeCvt(pDst, nMax, pSrc, nSrc);

  // If we're copying the same size characters, then all the "code convert"
  // just did was basically memcpy so the #of characters copied is the same
  // as the number requested.  I should probably specialize this function
  // template to achieve this purpose as it is silly to do a runtime check
  // of a fact known at compile time.  I'll get around to it.

  return sslen(szCvt);
}

template<typename T>
inline int sscpycvt(T* pDst, const T* pSrc, int nMax)
{
  int nCount = nMax;
  for (; nCount > 0 && *pSrc; ++pSrc, ++pDst, --nCount)
    std::basic_string<T>::traits_type::assign(*pDst, *pSrc);

  *pDst = 0;
  return nMax - nCount;
}

inline int sscpycvt(PWSTR pDst, PCSTR pSrc, int nMax)
{
  // Note -- we assume pDst is big enough to hold pSrc.  If not, we're in
  // big trouble.  No bounds checking.  Caveat emptor.

  const PWSTR szCvt = StdCodeCvt(pDst, nMax, pSrc, nMax);
  return sslen(szCvt);
}

template<typename CT1, typename CT2>
inline int sscpy(CT1* pDst, const CT2* pSrc, int nMax, int nLen)
{
  return sscpycvt(pDst, pSrc, SSMIN(nMax, nLen));
}
template<typename CT1, typename CT2>
inline int sscpy(CT1* pDst, const CT2* pSrc, int nMax)
{
  return sscpycvt(pDst, pSrc, SSMIN(nMax, sslen(pSrc)));
}
template<typename CT1, typename CT2>
inline int sscpy(CT1* pDst, const CT2* pSrc)
{
  return sscpycvt(pDst, pSrc, sslen(pSrc));
}
template<typename CT1, typename CT2>
inline int sscpy(CT1* pDst, const std::basic_string<CT2>& sSrc, int nMax)
{
  return sscpycvt(pDst, sSrc.c_str(), SSMIN(nMax, (int)sSrc.length()));
}
template<typename CT1, typename CT2>
inline int sscpy(CT1* pDst, const std::basic_string<CT2>& sSrc)
{
  return sscpycvt(pDst, sSrc.c_str(), (int)sSrc.length());
}

#ifdef SS_INC_COMDEF
  template<typename CT1>
  inline int sscpy(CT1* pDst, const _bstr_t& bs, int nMax)
  {
    return sscpycvt(pDst, static_cast<PCOLESTR>(bs),
            SSMIN(nMax, static_cast<int>(bs.length())));
  }
  template<typename CT1>
  inline int sscpy(CT1* pDst, const _bstr_t& bs)
  {
    return sscpy(pDst, bs, static_cast<int>(bs.length()));
  }
#endif


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Functional objects for changing case.  They also let you pass locales
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifdef SS_NO_LOCALE
  template<typename CT>
  struct SSToUpper : public std::unary_function<CT, CT>
  {
    inline CT operator()(const CT& t) const
    {
      return sstoupper(t);
    }
  };
  template<typename CT>
  struct SSToLower : public std::unary_function<CT, CT>
  {
    inline CT operator()(const CT& t) const
    {
      return sstolower(t);
    }
  };
#else
  template<typename CT>
  struct SSToUpper : public std::binary_function<CT, std::locale, CT>
  {
    inline CT operator()(const CT& t, const std::locale& loc) const
    {
      return sstoupper<CT>(t, loc);
    }
  };
  template<typename CT>
  struct SSToLower : public std::binary_function<CT, std::locale, CT>
  {
    inline CT operator()(const CT& t, const std::locale& loc) const
    {
      return sstolower<CT>(t, loc);
    }
  };
#endif

// This struct is used for TrimRight() and TrimLeft() function implementations.
//template<typename CT>
//struct NotSpace : public std::unary_function<CT, bool>
//{
//  const std::locale& loc;
//  inline NotSpace(const std::locale& locArg) : loc(locArg) {}
//  inline bool operator() (CT t) { return !std::isspace(t, loc); }
//};
template<typename CT>
struct NotSpace : public std::unary_function<CT, bool>
{
  // DINKUMWARE BUG:
  // Note -- using std::isspace in a COM DLL gives us access violations
  // because it causes the dynamic addition of a function to be called
  // when the library shuts down.  Unfortunately the list is maintained
  // in DLL memory but the function is in static memory.  So the COM DLL
  // goes away along with the function that was supposed to be called,
  // and then later when the DLL CRT shuts down it unloads the list and
  // tries to call the long-gone function.
  // This is DinkumWare's implementation problem.  If you encounter this
  // problem, you may replace the calls here with good old isspace() and
  // iswspace() from the CRT unless they specify SS_ANSI

#ifdef SS_NO_LOCALE

  bool operator() (CT t) const { return !ssisspace(t); }

#else
  const std::locale loc;
  NotSpace(const std::locale& locArg=std::locale()) : loc(locArg) {}
  bool operator() (CT t) const { return !std::isspace(t, loc); }
#endif
};




//      Now we can define the template (finally!)
// =============================================================================
// TEMPLATE: CStdStr
//    template<typename CT> class CStdStr : public std::basic_string<CT>
//
// REMARKS:
//    This template derives from basic_string<CT> and adds some MFC CString-
//    like functionality
//
//    Basically, this is my attempt to make Standard C++ library strings as
//    easy to use as the MFC CString class.
//
//    Note that although this is a template, it makes the assumption that the
//    template argument (CT, the character type) is either char or wchar_t.
// =============================================================================

//#define CStdStr _SS  // avoid compiler warning 4786

//    template<typename ARG> ARG& FmtArg(ARG& arg)  { return arg; }
//    PCSTR  FmtArg(const std::string& arg)  { return arg.c_str(); }
//    PCWSTR FmtArg(const std::wstring& arg) { return arg.c_str(); }

template<typename ARG>
struct FmtArg
{
    explicit FmtArg(const ARG& arg) : a_(arg) {}
    const ARG& operator()() const { return a_; }
    const ARG& a_;
private:
    FmtArg& operator=(const FmtArg&) { return *this; }
};

template<typename CT>
class CStdStr : public std::basic_string<CT>
{
  // Typedefs for shorter names.  Using these names also appears to help
  // us avoid some ambiguities that otherwise arise on some platforms

  #define MYBASE std::basic_string<CT>         // my base class
  //typedef typename std::basic_string<CT>    MYBASE;   // my base class
  typedef CStdStr<CT>              MYTYPE;   // myself
  typedef typename MYBASE::const_pointer    PCMYSTR; // PCSTR or PCWSTR
  typedef typename MYBASE::pointer      PMYSTR;   // PSTR or PWSTR
  typedef typename MYBASE::iterator      MYITER;  // my iterator type
  typedef typename MYBASE::const_iterator    MYCITER; // you get the idea...
  typedef typename MYBASE::reverse_iterator  MYRITER;
  typedef typename MYBASE::size_type      MYSIZE;
  typedef typename MYBASE::value_type      MYVAL;
  typedef typename MYBASE::allocator_type    MYALLOC;

public:
  // shorthand conversion from PCTSTR to string resource ID
  #define SSRES(pctstr)  LOWORD(reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(pctstr))

  bool TryLoad(const void* pT)
  {
    bool bLoaded = false;

#if defined(SS_WIN32) && !defined(SS_ANSI)
    if ( ( pT != NULL ) && SS_IS_INTRESOURCE(pT) )
    {
      UINT nId = LOWORD(reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(pT));
      if ( !LoadString(nId) )
      {
        TRACE(_T("Can't load string %u\n"), SSRES(pT));
      }
      bLoaded = true;
    }
#endif

    return bLoaded;
  }


  // CStdStr inline constructors
  CStdStr()
  {
  }

  CStdStr(const MYTYPE& str) : MYBASE(SSREF(str))
  {
  }

  CStdStr(const std::string& str)
  {
    ssasn(*this, SSREF(str));
  }

  CStdStr(const std::wstring& str)
  {
    ssasn(*this, SSREF(str));
  }

  CStdStr(PCMYSTR pT, MYSIZE n) : MYBASE(pT, n)
  {
  }

#ifdef SS_UNSIGNED
  CStdStr(PCUSTR pU)
  {
    *this = reinterpret_cast<PCSTR>(pU);
  }
#endif

  CStdStr(PCSTR pA)
  {
  #ifdef SS_ANSI
    *this = pA;
  #else
    if ( !TryLoad(pA) )
      *this = pA;
  #endif
  }

  CStdStr(PCWSTR pW)
  {
  #ifdef SS_ANSI
    *this = pW;
  #else
    if ( !TryLoad(pW) )
      *this = pW;
  #endif
  }

  CStdStr(uint16_t* pW)
  {
  #ifdef SS_ANSI
    *this = pW;
  #else
    if ( !TryLoad(pW) )
      *this = pW;
  #endif
  }

  CStdStr(uint32_t* pW)
  {
  #ifdef SS_ANSI
    *this = pW;
  #else
    if ( !TryLoad(pW) )
      *this = pW;
  #endif
  }

  CStdStr(MYCITER first, MYCITER last)
    : MYBASE(first, last)
  {
  }

  CStdStr(MYSIZE nSize, MYVAL ch, const MYALLOC& al=MYALLOC())
    : MYBASE(nSize, ch, al)
  {
  }

  #ifdef SS_INC_COMDEF
    CStdStr(const _bstr_t& bstr)
    {
      if ( bstr.length() > 0 )
        this->append(static_cast<PCMYSTR>(bstr), bstr.length());
    }
  #endif

  // CStdStr inline assignment operators -- the ssasn function now takes care
  // of fixing  the MSVC assignment bug (see knowledge base article Q172398).
  MYTYPE& operator=(const MYTYPE& str)
  {
    ssasn(*this, str);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator=(const std::string& str)
  {
    ssasn(*this, str);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator=(const std::wstring& str)
  {
    ssasn(*this, str);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator=(PCSTR pA)
  {
    ssasn(*this, pA);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator=(PCWSTR pW)
  {
    ssasn(*this, pW);
    return *this;
  }

#ifdef SS_UNSIGNED
  MYTYPE& operator=(PCUSTR pU)
  {
    ssasn(*this, reinterpret_cast<PCSTR>(pU));
    return *this;
  }
#endif

  MYTYPE& operator=(uint16_t* pA)
  {
    ssasn(*this, pA);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator=(uint32_t* pA)
  {
    ssasn(*this, pA);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator=(CT t)
  {
    Q172398(*this);
    this->assign(1, t);
    return *this;
  }

  #ifdef SS_INC_COMDEF
    MYTYPE& operator=(const _bstr_t& bstr)
    {
      if ( bstr.length() > 0 )
      {
        this->assign(static_cast<PCMYSTR>(bstr), bstr.length());
        return *this;
      }
      else
      {
        this->erase();
        return *this;
      }
    }
  #endif


  // Overloads  also needed to fix the MSVC assignment bug (KB: Q172398)
  //  *** Thanks to Pete The Plumber for catching this one ***
  // They also are compiled if you have explicitly turned off refcounting
  #if ( defined(_MSC_VER) && ( _MSC_VER < 1200 ) ) || defined(SS_NO_REFCOUNT)

    MYTYPE& assign(const MYTYPE& str)
    {
      Q172398(*this);
      sscpy(GetBuffer(str.size()+1), SSREF(str));
      this->ReleaseBuffer(str.size());
      return *this;
    }

    MYTYPE& assign(const MYTYPE& str, MYSIZE nStart, MYSIZE nChars)
    {
      // This overload of basic_string::assign is supposed to assign up to
      // <nChars> or the NULL terminator, whichever comes first.  Since we
      // are about to call a less forgiving overload (in which <nChars>
      // must be a valid length), we must adjust the length here to a safe
      // value.  Thanks to Ullrich Poll�hne for catching this bug

      nChars    = SSMIN(nChars, str.length() - nStart);
      MYTYPE strTemp(str.c_str()+nStart, nChars);
      Q172398(*this);
      this->assign(strTemp);
      return *this;
    }

    MYTYPE& assign(const MYBASE& str)
    {
      ssasn(*this, str);
      return *this;
    }

    MYTYPE& assign(const MYBASE& str, MYSIZE nStart, MYSIZE nChars)
    {
      // This overload of basic_string::assign is supposed to assign up to
      // <nChars> or the NULL terminator, whichever comes first.  Since we
      // are about to call a less forgiving overload (in which <nChars>
      // must be a valid length), we must adjust the length here to a safe
      // value. Thanks to Ullrich Poll�hne for catching this bug

      nChars    = SSMIN(nChars, str.length() - nStart);

      // Watch out for assignment to self

      if ( this == &str )
      {
        MYTYPE strTemp(str.c_str() + nStart, nChars);
        static_cast<MYBASE*>(this)->assign(strTemp);
      }
      else
      {
        Q172398(*this);
        static_cast<MYBASE*>(this)->assign(str.c_str()+nStart, nChars);
      }
      return *this;
    }

    MYTYPE& assign(const CT* pC, MYSIZE nChars)
    {
      // Q172398 only fix -- erase before assigning, but not if we're
      // assigning from our own buffer

  #if defined ( _MSC_VER ) && ( _MSC_VER < 1200 )
      if ( !this->empty() &&
        ( pC < this->data() || pC > this->data() + this->capacity() ) )
      {
        this->erase();
      }
  #endif
      Q172398(*this);
      static_cast<MYBASE*>(this)->assign(pC, nChars);
      return *this;
    }

    MYTYPE& assign(MYSIZE nChars, MYVAL val)
    {
      Q172398(*this);
      static_cast<MYBASE*>(this)->assign(nChars, val);
      return *this;
    }

    MYTYPE& assign(const CT* pT)
    {
      return this->assign(pT, MYBASE::traits_type::length(pT));
    }

    MYTYPE& assign(MYCITER iterFirst, MYCITER iterLast)
    {
  #if defined ( _MSC_VER ) && ( _MSC_VER < 1200 )
      // Q172398 fix.  don't call erase() if we're assigning from ourself
      if ( iterFirst < this->begin() ||
                 iterFirst > this->begin() + this->size() )
            {
        this->erase()
            }
  #endif
      this->replace(this->begin(), this->end(), iterFirst, iterLast);
      return *this;
    }
  #endif


  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CStdStr inline concatenation.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  MYTYPE& operator+=(const MYTYPE& str)
  {
    ssadd(*this, str);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator+=(const std::string& str)
  {
    ssadd(*this, str);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator+=(const std::wstring& str)
  {
    ssadd(*this, str);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator+=(PCSTR pA)
  {
    ssadd(*this, pA);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator+=(PCWSTR pW)
  {
    ssadd(*this, pW);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator+=(uint16_t* pW)
  {
    ssadd(*this, pW);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator+=(uint32_t* pW)
  {
    ssadd(*this, pW);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& operator+=(CT t)
  {
    this->append(1, t);
    return *this;
  }
  #ifdef SS_INC_COMDEF  // if we have _bstr_t, define a += for it too.
    MYTYPE& operator+=(const _bstr_t& bstr)
    {
      return this->operator+=(static_cast<PCMYSTR>(bstr));
    }
  #endif


  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Case changing functions
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    MYTYPE& ToUpper(const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
  {
    // Note -- if there are any MBCS character sets in which the lowercase
    // form a character takes up a different number of bytes than the
    // uppercase form, this would probably not work...

    std::transform(this->begin(),
             this->end(),
             this->begin(),
#ifdef SS_NO_LOCALE
             SSToUpper<CT>());
#else
             std::bind2nd(SSToUpper<CT>(), loc));
#endif

    // ...but if it were, this would probably work better.  Also, this way
    // seems to be a bit faster when anything other then the "C" locale is
    // used...

//    if ( !empty() )
//    {
//      ssupr(this->GetBuf(), this->size(), loc);
//      this->RelBuf();
//    }

    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& ToLower(const std::locale& loc=std::locale())
  {
    // Note -- if there are any MBCS character sets in which the lowercase
    // form a character takes up a different number of bytes than the
    // uppercase form, this would probably not work...

    std::transform(this->begin(),
             this->end(),
             this->begin(),
#ifdef SS_NO_LOCALE
             SSToLower<CT>());
#else
             std::bind2nd(SSToLower<CT>(), loc));
#endif

    // ...but if it were, this would probably work better.  Also, this way
    // seems to be a bit faster when anything other then the "C" locale is
    // used...

//    if ( !empty() )
//    {
//      sslwr(this->GetBuf(), this->size(), loc);
//      this->RelBuf();
//    }
    return *this;
  }


  MYTYPE& Normalize()
  {
    return Trim().ToLower();
  }


  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CStdStr -- Direct access to character buffer.  In the MS' implementation,
  // the at() function that we use here also calls _Freeze() providing us some
  // protection from multithreading problems associated with ref-counting.
    // In VC 7 and later, of course, the ref-counting stuff is gone.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

  CT* GetBuf(int nMinLen=-1)
  {
    if ( static_cast<int>(this->size()) < nMinLen )
      this->resize(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nMinLen));

    return this->empty() ? const_cast<CT*>(this->data()) : &(this->at(0));
  }

  CT* SetBuf(int nLen)
  {
    nLen = ( nLen > 0 ? nLen : 0 );
    if ( this->capacity() < 1 && nLen == 0 )
      this->resize(1);

    this->resize(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nLen));
    return const_cast<CT*>(this->data());
  }
  void RelBuf(int nNewLen=-1)
  {
    this->resize(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nNewLen > -1 ? nNewLen :
                                                        sslen(this->c_str())));
  }

  void BufferRel()     { RelBuf(); }      // backwards compatability
  CT*  Buffer()       { return GetBuf(); }  // backwards compatability
  CT*  BufferSet(int nLen) { return SetBuf(nLen);}// backwards compatability

  bool Equals(const CT* pT, bool bUseCase=false) const
  {
    return  0 == (bUseCase ? this->compare(pT) : ssicmp(this->c_str(), pT));
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // FUNCTION:  CStdStr::Load
  // REMARKS:
  //    Loads string from resource specified by nID
  //
  // PARAMETERS:
  //    nID - resource Identifier.  Purely a Win32 thing in this case
  //
  // RETURN VALUE:
  //    true if successful, false otherwise
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifndef SS_ANSI

  bool Load(UINT nId, HMODULE hModule=NULL)
  {
    bool bLoaded    = false;  // set to true of we succeed.

  #ifdef _MFC_VER    // When in Rome (or MFC land)...

    // If they gave a resource handle, use it.  Note - this is archaic
    // and not really what I would recommend.  But then again, in MFC
    // land, you ought to be using CString for resources anyway since
    // it walks the resource chain for you.

    HMODULE hModuleOld = NULL;

    if ( NULL != hModule )
    {
      hModuleOld = AfxGetResourceHandle();
      AfxSetResourceHandle(hModule);
    }

    // ...load the string

    CString strRes;
    bLoaded        = FALSE != strRes.LoadString(nId);

    // ...and if we set the resource handle, restore it.

    if ( NULL != hModuleOld )
      AfxSetResourceHandle(hModule);

    if ( bLoaded )
      *this      = strRes;

  #else // otherwise make our own hackneyed version of CString's Load

    // Get the resource name and module handle

    if ( NULL == hModule )
      hModule      = GetResourceHandle();

    PCTSTR szName    = MAKEINTRESOURCE((nId>>4)+1); // lifted
    DWORD dwSize    = 0;

    // No sense continuing if we can't find the resource

    HRSRC hrsrc      = ::FindResource(hModule, szName, RT_STRING);

    if ( NULL == hrsrc )
    {
      TRACE(_T("Cannot find resource %d: 0x%X"), nId, ::GetLastError());
    }
    else if ( 0 == (dwSize = ::SizeofResource(hModule, hrsrc) / sizeof(CT)))
    {
      TRACE(_T("Cant get size of resource %d 0x%X\n"),nId,GetLastError());
    }
    else
    {
      bLoaded      = 0 != ssload(hModule, nId, GetBuf(dwSize), dwSize);
      ReleaseBuffer();
    }

  #endif  // #ifdef _MFC_VER

    if ( !bLoaded )
      TRACE(_T("String not loaded 0x%X\n"), ::GetLastError());

    return bLoaded;
  }

#endif  // #ifdef SS_ANSI

  void AppendFormat(const CT* szFmt, ...)
  {
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, szFmt);
    AppendFormatV(szFmt, argList);
    va_end(argList);
  }

  #define MAX_FMT_TRIES    5   // #of times we try
  #define FMT_BLOCK_SIZE    2048 // # of bytes to increment per try
  #define BUFSIZE_1ST  256
  #define BUFSIZE_2ND 512
  #define STD_BUF_SIZE    1024

  // an efficient way to add formatted characters to the string.  You may only
  // add up to STD_BUF_SIZE characters at a time, though
  void AppendFormatV(const CT* szFmt, va_list argList)
  {
    CT szBuf[STD_BUF_SIZE];
    int nLen = ssnprintf(szBuf, STD_BUF_SIZE-1, szFmt, argList);

    if ( 0 < nLen )
      this->append(szBuf, nLen);
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // FUNCTION:  FormatV
  //    void FormatV(PCSTR szFormat, va_list, argList);
  //
  // DESCRIPTION:
  //    This function formats the string with sprintf style format-specs.
  //    It makes a general guess at required buffer size and then tries
  //    successively larger buffers until it finds one big enough or a
  //    threshold (MAX_FMT_TRIES) is exceeded.
  //
  // PARAMETERS:
  //    szFormat - a PCSTR holding the format of the output
  //    argList - a Microsoft specific va_list for variable argument lists
  //
  // RETURN VALUE:
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

  // NOTE: Changed by JM to actually function under non-win32,
  //       and to remove the upper limit on size.
  void FormatV(const CT* szFormat, va_list argList)
  {
    // try and grab a sufficient buffersize
    int nChars = FMT_BLOCK_SIZE;
    va_list argCopy;

    CT *p = reinterpret_cast<CT*>(malloc(sizeof(CT)*nChars));
    if (!p) return;

    while (1)
    {
      va_copy(argCopy, argList);

      int nActual = ssvsprintf(p, nChars, szFormat, argCopy);
      /* If that worked, return the string. */
      if (nActual > -1 && nActual < nChars)
      { /* make sure it's NULL terminated */
        p[nActual] = '\0';
        this->assign(p, nActual);
        free(p);
        va_end(argCopy);
        return;
      }
      /* Else try again with more space. */
      if (nActual > -1)        /* glibc 2.1 */
        nChars = nActual + 1;  /* precisely what is needed */
      else                     /* glibc 2.0 */
        nChars *= 2;           /* twice the old size */

      CT *np = reinterpret_cast<CT*>(realloc(p, sizeof(CT)*nChars));
      if (np == NULL)
      {
        free(p);
        va_end(argCopy);
        return;   // failed :(
      }
      p = np;
      va_end(argCopy);
    }
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CString Facade Functions:
  //
  // The following methods are intended to allow you to use this class as a
  // near drop-in replacement for CString.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #ifdef SS_WIN32
    BSTR AllocSysString() const
    {
      ostring os;
      ssasn(os, *this);
      return ::SysAllocString(os.c_str());
    }
  #endif

#ifndef SS_NO_LOCALE
  int Collate(PCMYSTR szThat) const
  {
    return sscoll(this->c_str(), this->length(), szThat, sslen(szThat));
  }

  int CollateNoCase(PCMYSTR szThat) const
  {
    return ssicoll(this->c_str(), this->length(), szThat, sslen(szThat));
  }
#endif
  int Compare(PCMYSTR szThat) const
  {
    return this->compare(szThat);
  }

  int CompareNoCase(PCMYSTR szThat)  const
  {
    return ssicmp(this->c_str(), szThat);
  }

  int Delete(int nIdx, int nCount=1)
  {
        if ( nIdx < 0 )
      nIdx = 0;

    if ( nIdx < this->GetLength() )
      this->erase(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx), static_cast<MYSIZE>(nCount));

    return GetLength();
  }

  void Empty()
  {
    this->erase();
  }

  int Find(CT ch) const
  {
    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->find_first_of(ch);
    return static_cast<int>(MYBASE::npos == nIdx  ? -1 : nIdx);
  }

  int Find(PCMYSTR szSub) const
  {
    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->find(szSub);
    return static_cast<int>(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? -1 : nIdx);
  }

  int Find(CT ch, int nStart) const
  {
    // CString::Find docs say add 1 to nStart when it's not zero
    // CString::Find code doesn't do that however.  We'll stick
    // with what the code does

    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->find_first_of(ch, static_cast<MYSIZE>(nStart));
    return static_cast<int>(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? -1 : nIdx);
  }

  int Find(PCMYSTR szSub, int nStart) const
  {
    // CString::Find docs say add 1 to nStart when it's not zero
    // CString::Find code doesn't do that however.  We'll stick
    // with what the code does

    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->find(szSub, static_cast<MYSIZE>(nStart));
    return static_cast<int>(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? -1 : nIdx);
  }

  int FindOneOf(PCMYSTR szCharSet) const
  {
    MYSIZE nIdx = this->find_first_of(szCharSet);
    return static_cast<int>(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? -1 : nIdx);
  }

#ifndef SS_ANSI
  void FormatMessage(PCMYSTR szFormat, ...) throw(std::exception)
  {
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, szFormat);
    PMYSTR szTemp;
    if ( ssfmtmsg(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING|FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
             szFormat, 0, 0,
             reinterpret_cast<PMYSTR>(&szTemp), 0, &argList) == 0 ||
       szTemp == 0 )
    {
      throw std::runtime_error("out of memory");
    }
    *this = szTemp;
    LocalFree(szTemp);
    va_end(argList);
  }

  void FormatMessage(UINT nFormatId, ...) throw(std::exception)
  {
    MYTYPE sFormat;
    VERIFY(sFormat.LoadString(nFormatId));
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, nFormatId);
    PMYSTR szTemp;
    if ( ssfmtmsg(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING|FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER,
             sFormat, 0, 0,
             reinterpret_cast<PMYSTR>(&szTemp), 0, &argList) == 0 ||
      szTemp == 0)
    {
      throw std::runtime_error("out of memory");
    }
    *this = szTemp;
    LocalFree(szTemp);
    va_end(argList);
  }
#endif

  // GetAllocLength -- an MSVC7 function but it costs us nothing to add it.

  int GetAllocLength()
  {
    return static_cast<int>(this->capacity());
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // GetXXXX -- Direct access to character buffer
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CT GetAt(int nIdx) const
  {
    return this->at(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx));
  }

  CT* GetBuffer(int nMinLen=-1)
  {
    return GetBuf(nMinLen);
  }

  CT* GetBufferSetLength(int nLen)
  {
    return BufferSet(nLen);
  }

  // GetLength() -- MFC docs say this is the # of BYTES but
  // in truth it is the number of CHARACTERs (chars or wchar_ts)
  int GetLength() const
  {
    return static_cast<int>(this->length());
  }

  int Insert(int nIdx, CT ch)
  {
    if ( static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx) > this->size()-1 )
      this->append(1, ch);
    else
      this->insert(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx), 1, ch);

    return GetLength();
  }
  int Insert(int nIdx, PCMYSTR sz)
  {
    if ( static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx) >= this->size() )
      this->append(sz, static_cast<MYSIZE>(sslen(sz)));
    else
      this->insert(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx), sz);

    return GetLength();
  }

  bool IsEmpty() const
  {
    return this->empty();
  }

  MYTYPE Left(int nCount) const
  {
        // Range check the count.

    nCount = SSMIN(SSMAX(0, nCount), static_cast<int>(this->size()));
    return this->substr(0, static_cast<MYSIZE>(nCount));
  }

#ifndef SS_ANSI
  bool LoadString(UINT nId)
  {
    return this->Load(nId);
  }
#endif

  void MakeLower()
  {
    ToLower();
  }

  void MakeReverse()
  {
    std::reverse(this->begin(), this->end());
  }

  void MakeUpper()
  {
    ToUpper();
  }

  MYTYPE Mid(int nFirst) const
  {
    return Mid(nFirst, this->GetLength()-nFirst);
  }

  MYTYPE Mid(int nFirst, int nCount) const
  {
    // CString does range checking here.  Since we're trying to emulate it,
    // we must check too.

    if ( nFirst < 0 )
      nFirst = 0;
    if ( nCount < 0 )
      nCount = 0;

    int nSize = static_cast<int>(this->size());

    if ( nFirst + nCount > nSize )
      nCount = nSize - nFirst;

    if ( nFirst > nSize )
      return MYTYPE();

    ASSERT(nFirst >= 0);
    ASSERT(nFirst + nCount <= nSize);

    return this->substr(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nFirst),
              static_cast<MYSIZE>(nCount));
  }

  void ReleaseBuffer(int nNewLen=-1)
  {
    RelBuf(nNewLen);
  }

  int Remove(CT ch)
  {
    MYSIZE nIdx    = 0;
    int nRemoved  = 0;
    while ( (nIdx=this->find_first_of(ch)) != MYBASE::npos )
    {
      this->erase(nIdx, 1);
      nRemoved++;
    }
    return nRemoved;
  }

  int Replace(CT chOld, CT chNew)
  {
    int nReplaced  = 0;

    for ( MYITER iter=this->begin(); iter != this->end(); iter++ )
    {
      if ( *iter == chOld )
      {
        *iter = chNew;
        nReplaced++;
      }
    }

    return nReplaced;
  }

  int Replace(PCMYSTR szOld, PCMYSTR szNew)
  {
    int nReplaced    = 0;
    MYSIZE nIdx      = 0;
    MYSIZE nOldLen    = sslen(szOld);

    if ( 0 != nOldLen )
    {
      // If the replacement string is longer than the one it replaces, this
      // string is going to have to grow in size,  Figure out how much
      // and grow it all the way now, rather than incrementally

      MYSIZE nNewLen    = sslen(szNew);
      if ( nNewLen > nOldLen )
      {
        int nFound      = 0;
        while ( nIdx < this->length() &&
          (nIdx=this->find(szOld, nIdx)) != MYBASE::npos )
        {
          nFound++;
          nIdx += nOldLen;
        }
        this->reserve(this->size() + nFound * (nNewLen - nOldLen));
      }


      static const CT ch  = CT(0);
      PCMYSTR szRealNew  = szNew == 0 ? &ch : szNew;
      nIdx        = 0;

      while ( nIdx < this->length() &&
        (nIdx=this->find(szOld, nIdx)) != MYBASE::npos )
      {
        this->replace(this->begin()+nIdx, this->begin()+nIdx+nOldLen,
          szRealNew);

        nReplaced++;
        nIdx += nNewLen;
      }
    }

    return nReplaced;
  }

  int ReverseFind(CT ch) const
  {
    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->find_last_of(ch);
    return static_cast<int>(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? -1 : nIdx);
  }

  // ReverseFind overload that's not in CString but might be useful
  int ReverseFind(PCMYSTR szFind, MYSIZE pos=MYBASE::npos) const
  {
    //yuvalt - this does not compile with g++ since MYTTYPE() is different type
    //MYSIZE nIdx  = this->rfind(0 == szFind ? MYTYPE() : szFind, pos);
    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->rfind(0 == szFind ? "" : szFind, pos);
    return static_cast<int>(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? -1 : nIdx);
  }

  MYTYPE Right(int nCount) const
  {
        // Range check the count.

    nCount = SSMAX(0, SSMIN(nCount, static_cast<int>(this->size())));
    return this->substr(this->size()-static_cast<MYSIZE>(nCount));
  }

  void SetAt(int nIndex, CT ch)
  {
    ASSERT(this->size() > static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIndex));
    this->at(static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIndex))    = ch;
  }

#ifndef SS_ANSI
  BSTR SetSysString(BSTR* pbstr) const
  {
    ostring os;
    ssasn(os, *this);
    if ( !::SysReAllocStringLen(pbstr, os.c_str(), os.length()) )
      throw std::runtime_error("out of memory");

    ASSERT(*pbstr != 0);
    return *pbstr;
  }
#endif

  MYTYPE SpanExcluding(PCMYSTR szCharSet) const
  {
        MYSIZE pos = this->find_first_of(szCharSet);
        return pos == MYBASE::npos ? *this : Left(pos);
  }

  MYTYPE SpanIncluding(PCMYSTR szCharSet) const
  {
        MYSIZE pos = this->find_first_not_of(szCharSet);
        return pos == MYBASE::npos ? *this : Left(pos);
  }

#if defined SS_WIN32 && !defined(UNICODE) && !defined(SS_ANSI)

  // CString's OemToAnsi and AnsiToOem functions are available only in
  // Unicode builds.  However since we're a template we also need a
  // runtime check of CT and a reinterpret_cast to account for the fact
  // that CStdStringW gets instantiated even in non-Unicode builds.

  void AnsiToOem()
  {
    if ( sizeof(CT) == sizeof(char) && !empty() )
    {
      ::CharToOem(reinterpret_cast<PCSTR>(this->c_str()),
            reinterpret_cast<PSTR>(GetBuf()));
    }
    else
    {
      ASSERT(false);
    }
  }

  void OemToAnsi()
  {
    if ( sizeof(CT) == sizeof(char) && !empty() )
    {
      ::OemToChar(reinterpret_cast<PCSTR>(this->c_str()),
            reinterpret_cast<PSTR>(GetBuf()));
    }
    else
    {
      ASSERT(false);
    }
  }

#endif


  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Trim and its variants
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  MYTYPE& Trim()
  {
    return TrimLeft().TrimRight();
  }

  MYTYPE& TrimLeft()
  {
    this->erase(this->begin(),
      std::find_if(this->begin(), this->end(), NotSpace<CT>()));

    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE&  TrimLeft(CT tTrim)
  {
    this->erase(0, this->find_first_not_of(tTrim));
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE&  TrimLeft(PCMYSTR szTrimChars)
  {
    this->erase(0, this->find_first_not_of(szTrimChars));
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE& TrimRight()
  {
    // NOTE:  When comparing reverse_iterators here (MYRITER), I avoid using
    // operator!=.  This is because namespace rel_ops also has a template
    // operator!= which conflicts with the global operator!= already defined
    // for reverse_iterator in the header <utility>.
    // Thanks to John James for alerting me to this.

    MYRITER it = std::find_if(this->rbegin(), this->rend(), NotSpace<CT>());
    if ( !(this->rend() == it) )
      this->erase(this->rend() - it);

    this->erase(!(it == this->rend()) ? this->find_last_of(*it) + 1 : 0);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE&  TrimRight(CT tTrim)
  {
    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->find_last_not_of(tTrim);
    this->erase(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? 0 : ++nIdx);
    return *this;
  }

  MYTYPE&  TrimRight(PCMYSTR szTrimChars)
  {
    MYSIZE nIdx  = this->find_last_not_of(szTrimChars);
    this->erase(MYBASE::npos == nIdx ? 0 : ++nIdx);
    return *this;
  }

  void      FreeExtra()
  {
    MYTYPE mt;
    this->swap(mt);
    if ( !mt.empty() )
      this->assign(mt.c_str(), mt.size());
  }

  // I have intentionally not implemented the following CString
  // functions.   You cannot make them work without taking advantage
  // of implementation specific behavior.  However if you absolutely
  // MUST have them, uncomment out these lines for "sort-of-like"
  // their behavior.  You're on your own.

//  CT*        LockBuffer()  { return GetBuf(); }// won't really lock
//  void      UnlockBuffer(); { }  // why have UnlockBuffer w/o LockBuffer?

  // Array-indexing operators.  Required because we defined an implicit cast
  // to operator const CT* (Thanks to Julian Selman for pointing this out)

  CT& operator[](int nIdx)
  {
    return static_cast<MYBASE*>(this)->operator[](static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx));
  }

  const CT& operator[](int nIdx) const
  {
    return static_cast<const MYBASE*>(this)->operator[](static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx));
  }

  CT& operator[](unsigned int nIdx)
  {
    return static_cast<MYBASE*>(this)->operator[](static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx));
  }

  const CT& operator[](unsigned int nIdx) const
  {
    return static_cast<const MYBASE*>(this)->operator[](static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx));
  }

  CT& operator[](unsigned long nIdx)
  {
    return static_cast<MYBASE*>(this)->operator[](static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx));
  }

  const CT& operator[](unsigned long nIdx) const
  {
    return static_cast<const MYBASE*>(this)->operator[](static_cast<MYSIZE>(nIdx));
  }

#ifndef SS_NO_IMPLICIT_CAST
  operator const CT*() const
  {
    return this->c_str();
  }
#endif

  // IStream related functions.  Useful in IPersistStream implementations

#ifdef SS_INC_COMDEF

  // struct SSSHDR - useful for non Std C++ persistence schemes.
  typedef struct SSSHDR
  {
    BYTE  byCtrl;
    ULONG  nChars;
  } SSSHDR;  // as in "Standard String Stream Header"

  #define SSSO_UNICODE  0x01  // the string is a wide string
  #define SSSO_COMPRESS  0x02  // the string is compressed

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // FUNCTION: StreamSize
  // REMARKS:
  //    Returns how many bytes it will take to StreamSave() this CStdString
  //    object to an IStream.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ULONG StreamSize() const
  {
    // Control header plus string
    ASSERT(this->size()*sizeof(CT) < 0xffffffffUL - sizeof(SSSHDR));
    return (this->size() * sizeof(CT)) + sizeof(SSSHDR);
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // FUNCTION: StreamSave
  // REMARKS:
  //    Saves this CStdString object to a COM IStream.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  HRESULT StreamSave(IStream* pStream) const
  {
    ASSERT(this->size()*sizeof(CT) < 0xffffffffUL - sizeof(SSSHDR));
    HRESULT hr    = E_FAIL;
    ASSERT(pStream != 0);
    SSSHDR hdr;
    hdr.byCtrl    = sizeof(CT) == 2 ? SSSO_UNICODE : 0;
    hdr.nChars    = this->size();


    if ( FAILED(hr=pStream->Write(&hdr, sizeof(SSSHDR), 0)) )
    {
      TRACE(_T("StreamSave: Cannot write control header, ERR=0x%X\n"),hr);
    }
    else if ( empty() )
    {
      ;    // nothing to write
    }
    else if ( FAILED(hr=pStream->Write(this->c_str(),
      this->size()*sizeof(CT), 0)) )
    {
      TRACE(_T("StreamSave: Cannot write string to stream 0x%X\n"), hr);
    }

    return hr;
  }


  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // FUNCTION: StreamLoad
  // REMARKS:
  //    This method loads the object from an IStream.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  HRESULT StreamLoad(IStream* pStream)
  {
    ASSERT(pStream != 0);
    SSSHDR hdr;
    HRESULT hr      = E_FAIL;

    if ( FAILED(hr=pStream->Read(&hdr, sizeof(SSSHDR), 0)) )
    {
      TRACE(_T("StreamLoad: Cant read control header, ERR=0x%X\n"), hr);
    }
    else if ( hdr.nChars > 0 )
    {
      ULONG nRead    = 0;
      PMYSTR pMyBuf  = BufferSet(hdr.nChars);

      // If our character size matches the character size of the string
      // we're trying to read, then we can read it directly into our
      // buffer. Otherwise, we have to read into an intermediate buffer
      // and convert.

      if ( (hdr.byCtrl & SSSO_UNICODE) != 0 )
      {
        ULONG nBytes  = hdr.nChars * sizeof(wchar_t);
        if ( sizeof(CT) == sizeof(wchar_t) )
        {
          if ( FAILED(hr=pStream->Read(pMyBuf, nBytes, &nRead)) )
            TRACE(_T("StreamLoad: Cannot read string: 0x%X\n"), hr);
        }
        else
        {
          PWSTR pBufW = reinterpret_cast<PWSTR>(_alloca((nBytes)+1));
          if ( FAILED(hr=pStream->Read(pBufW, nBytes, &nRead)) )
            TRACE(_T("StreamLoad: Cannot read string: 0x%X\n"), hr);
          else
            sscpy(pMyBuf, pBufW, hdr.nChars);
        }
      }
      else
      {
        ULONG nBytes  = hdr.nChars * sizeof(char);
        if ( sizeof(CT) == sizeof(char) )
        {
          if ( FAILED(hr=pStream->Read(pMyBuf, nBytes, &nRead)) )
            TRACE(_T("StreamLoad: Cannot read string: 0x%X\n"), hr);
        }
        else
        {
          PSTR pBufA = reinterpret_cast<PSTR>(_alloca(nBytes));
          if ( FAILED(hr=pStream->Read(pBufA, hdr.nChars, &nRead)) )
            TRACE(_T("StreamLoad: Cannot read string: 0x%X\n"), hr);
          else
            sscpy(pMyBuf, pBufA, hdr.nChars);
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      this->erase();
    }
    return hr;
  }
#endif // #ifdef SS_INC_COMDEF

#ifndef SS_ANSI

  // SetResourceHandle/GetResourceHandle.  In MFC builds, these map directly
  // to AfxSetResourceHandle and AfxGetResourceHandle.  In non-MFC builds they
  // point to a single static HINST so that those who call the member
  // functions that take resource IDs can provide an alternate HINST of a DLL
  // to search.  This is not exactly the list of HMODULES that MFC provides
  // but it's better than nothing.

  #ifdef _MFC_VER
    static void SetResourceHandle(HMODULE hNew)
    {
      AfxSetResourceHandle(hNew);
    }
    static HMODULE GetResourceHandle()
    {
      return AfxGetResourceHandle();
    }
  #else
    static void SetResourceHandle(HMODULE hNew)
    {
      SSResourceHandle() = hNew;
    }
    static HMODULE GetResourceHandle()
    {
      return SSResourceHandle();
    }
  #endif

#endif
};

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MSVC USERS: HOW TO EXPORT CSTDSTRING FROM A DLL
//
// If you are using MS Visual C++ and you want to export CStdStringA and
// CStdStringW from a DLL, then all you need to
//
//    1.  make sure that all components link to the same DLL version
//      of the CRT (not the static one).
//    2.  Uncomment the 3 lines of code below
//    3.  #define 2 macros per the instructions in MS KnowledgeBase
//      article Q168958.  The macros are:
//
//    MACRO    DEFINTION WHEN EXPORTING    DEFINITION WHEN IMPORTING
//    -----    ------------------------    -------------------------
//    SSDLLEXP  (nothing, just #define it)    extern
//    SSDLLSPEC  __declspec(dllexport)      __declspec(dllimport)
//
//    Note that these macros must be available to ALL clients who want to
//    link to the DLL and use the class.  If they
//
// A word of advice: Don't bother.
//
// Really, it is not necessary to export CStdString functions from a DLL.  I
// never do.  In my projects, I do generally link to the DLL version of the
// Standard C++ Library, but I do NOT attempt to export CStdString functions.
// I simply include the header where it is needed and allow for the code
// redundancy.
//
// That redundancy is a lot less than you think.  This class does most of its
// work via the Standard C++ Library, particularly the base_class basic_string<>
// member functions.  Most of the functions here are small enough to be inlined
// anyway.  Besides, you'll find that in actual practice you use less than 1/2
// of the code here, even in big projects and different modules will use as
// little as 10% of it.  That means a lot less functions actually get linked
// your binaries.  If you export this code from a DLL, it ALL gets linked in.
//
// I've compared the size of the binaries from exporting vs NOT exporting.  Take
// my word for it -- exporting this code is not worth the hassle.
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#pragma warning(disable:4231) // non-standard extension ("extern template")
//  SSDLLEXP template class SSDLLSPEC CStdStr<char>;
//  SSDLLEXP template class SSDLLSPEC CStdStr<wchar_t>;


// =============================================================================
//            END OF CStdStr INLINE FUNCTION DEFINITIONS
// =============================================================================

//  Now typedef our class names based upon this humongous template

typedef CStdStr<char>    CStdStringA;  // a better std::string
typedef CStdStr<wchar_t>  CStdStringW;  // a better std::wstring
typedef CStdStr<uint16_t>  CStdString16;  // a 16bit char string
typedef CStdStr<uint32_t>  CStdString32;  // a 32bit char string
typedef CStdStr<OLECHAR>  CStdStringO;  // almost always CStdStringW

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CStdStr addition functions defined as inline
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------


inline CStdStringA operator+(const CStdStringA& s1, const CStdStringA& s2)
{
  CStdStringA sRet(SSREF(s1));
  sRet.append(s2);
  return sRet;
}
inline CStdStringA operator+(const CStdStringA& s1, CStdStringA::value_type t)
{
  CStdStringA sRet(SSREF(s1));
  sRet.append(1, t);
  return sRet;
}
inline CStdStringA operator+(const CStdStringA& s1, PCSTR pA)
{
  CStdStringA sRet(SSREF(s1));
  sRet.append(pA);
  return sRet;
}
inline CStdStringA operator+(PCSTR pA, const CStdStringA& sA)
{
  CStdStringA sRet;
  CStdStringA::size_type nObjSize = sA.size();
  CStdStringA::size_type nLitSize =
    static_cast<CStdStringA::size_type>(sslen(pA));

  sRet.reserve(nLitSize + nObjSize);
  sRet.assign(pA);
  sRet.append(sA);
  return sRet;
}


inline CStdStringA operator+(const CStdStringA& s1, const CStdStringW& s2)
{
  return s1 + CStdStringA(s2);
}
inline CStdStringW operator+(const CStdStringW& s1, const CStdStringW& s2)
{
  CStdStringW sRet(SSREF(s1));
  sRet.append(s2);
  return sRet;
}
inline CStdStringA operator+(const CStdStringA& s1, PCWSTR pW)
{
  return s1 + CStdStringA(pW);
}

#ifdef UNICODE
  inline CStdStringW operator+(PCWSTR pW, const CStdStringA& sA)
  {
    return CStdStringW(pW) + CStdStringW(SSREF(sA));
  }
  inline CStdStringW operator+(PCSTR pA, const CStdStringW& sW)
  {
    return CStdStringW(pA) + sW;
  }
#else
  inline CStdStringA operator+(PCWSTR pW, const CStdStringA& sA)
  {
    return CStdStringA(pW) + sA;
  }
  inline CStdStringA operator+(PCSTR pA, const CStdStringW& sW)
  {
    return pA + CStdStringA(sW);
  }
#endif

// ...Now the wide string versions.
inline CStdStringW operator+(const CStdStringW& s1, CStdStringW::value_type t)
{
  CStdStringW sRet(SSREF(s1));
  sRet.append(1, t);
  return sRet;
}
inline CStdStringW operator+(const CStdStringW& s1, PCWSTR pW)
{
  CStdStringW sRet(SSREF(s1));
  sRet.append(pW);
  return sRet;
}
inline CStdStringW operator+(PCWSTR pW, const CStdStringW& sW)
{
  CStdStringW sRet;
  CStdStringW::size_type nObjSize = sW.size();
  CStdStringA::size_type nLitSize =
    static_cast<CStdStringW::size_type>(sslen(pW));

  sRet.reserve(nLitSize + nObjSize);
  sRet.assign(pW);
  sRet.append(sW);
  return sRet;
}

inline CStdStringW operator+(const CStdStringW& s1, const CStdStringA& s2)
{
  return s1 + CStdStringW(s2);
}
inline CStdStringW operator+(const CStdStringW& s1, PCSTR pA)
{
  return s1 + CStdStringW(pA);
}


// New-style format function is a template

#ifdef SS_SAFE_FORMAT

template<>
struct FmtArg<CStdStringA>
{
    explicit FmtArg(const CStdStringA& arg) : a_(arg) {}
    PCSTR operator()() const { return a_.c_str(); }
    const CStdStringA& a_;
private:
    FmtArg<CStdStringA>& operator=(const FmtArg<CStdStringA>&) { return *this; }
};
template<>
struct FmtArg<CStdStringW>
{
    explicit FmtArg(const CStdStringW& arg) : a_(arg) {}
    PCWSTR operator()() const { return a_.c_str(); }
    const CStdStringW& a_;
private:
    FmtArg<CStdStringW>& operator=(const FmtArg<CStdStringW>&) { return *this; }
};

template<>
struct FmtArg<std::string>
{
    explicit FmtArg(const std::string& arg) : a_(arg) {}
    PCSTR operator()() const { return a_.c_str(); }
    const std::string& a_;
private:
    FmtArg<std::string>& operator=(const FmtArg<std::string>&) { return *this; }
};
template<>
struct FmtArg<std::wstring>
{
    explicit FmtArg(const std::wstring& arg) : a_(arg) {}
    PCWSTR operator()() const { return a_.c_str(); }
    const std::wstring& a_;
private:
    FmtArg<std::wstring>& operator=(const FmtArg<std::wstring>&) {return *this;}
};
#endif // #ifdef SS_SAFEFORMAT

#ifndef SS_ANSI
  // SSResourceHandle: our MFC-like resource handle
  inline HMODULE& SSResourceHandle()
  {
    static HMODULE hModuleSS  = GetModuleHandle(0);
    return hModuleSS;
  }
#endif


// In MFC builds, define some global serialization operators
// Special operators that allow us to serialize CStdStrings to CArchives.
// Note that we use an intermediate CString object in order to ensure that
// we use the exact same format.

#ifdef _MFC_VER
  inline CArchive& AFXAPI operator<<(CArchive& ar, const CStdStringA& strA)
  {
    CString strTemp  = strA;
    return ar << strTemp;
  }
  inline CArchive& AFXAPI operator<<(CArchive& ar, const CStdStringW& strW)
  {
    CString strTemp  = strW;
    return ar << strTemp;
  }

  inline CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, CStdStringA& strA)
  {
    CString strTemp;
    ar >> strTemp;
    strA = strTemp;
    return ar;
  }
  inline CArchive& AFXAPI operator>>(CArchive& ar, CStdStringW& strW)
  {
    CString strTemp;
    ar >> strTemp;
    strW = strTemp;
    return ar;
  }
#endif  // #ifdef _MFC_VER -- (i.e. is this MFC?)



// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GLOBAL FUNCTION:  WUFormat
//    CStdStringA WUFormat(UINT nId, ...);
//    CStdStringA WUFormat(PCSTR szFormat, ...);
//
// REMARKS:
//    This function allows the caller for format and return a CStdStringA
//    object with a single line of code.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef SS_ANSI
#else
  inline CStdStringA WUFormatA(UINT nId, ...)
  {
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, nId);

    CStdStringA strFmt;
    CStdStringA strOut;
    if ( strFmt.Load(nId) )
      strOut.FormatV(strFmt, argList);

    va_end(argList);
    return strOut;
  }
  inline CStdStringA WUFormatA(PCSTR szFormat, ...)
  {
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, szFormat);
    CStdStringA strOut;
    strOut.FormatV(szFormat, argList);
    va_end(argList);
    return strOut;
  }
  inline CStdStringW WUFormatW(UINT nId, ...)
  {
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, nId);

    CStdStringW strFmt;
    CStdStringW strOut;
    if ( strFmt.Load(nId) )
      strOut.FormatV(strFmt, argList);

    va_end(argList);
    return strOut;
  }
  inline CStdStringW WUFormatW(PCWSTR szwFormat, ...)
  {
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, szwFormat);
    CStdStringW strOut;
    strOut.FormatV(szwFormat, argList);
    va_end(argList);
    return strOut;
  }
#endif // #ifdef SS_ANSI



#if defined(SS_WIN32) && !defined (SS_ANSI)
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // FUNCTION: WUSysMessage
  //   CStdStringA WUSysMessageA(DWORD dwError, DWORD dwLangId=SS_DEFLANGID);
  //   CStdStringW WUSysMessageW(DWORD dwError, DWORD dwLangId=SS_DEFLANGID);
  //
  // DESCRIPTION:
  //   This function simplifies the process of obtaining a string equivalent
  //   of a system error code returned from GetLastError().  You simply
  //   supply the value returned by GetLastError() to this function and the
  //   corresponding system string is returned in the form of a CStdStringA.
  //
  // PARAMETERS:
  //   dwError - a DWORD value representing the error code to be translated
  //   dwLangId - the language id to use.  defaults to english.
  //
  // RETURN VALUE:
  //   a CStdStringA equivalent of the error code.  Currently, this function
  //   only returns either English of the system default language strings.
  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #define SS_DEFLANGID MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL,SUBLANG_DEFAULT)
  inline CStdStringA WUSysMessageA(DWORD dwError, DWORD dwLangId=SS_DEFLANGID)
  {
    CHAR szBuf[512];

    if ( 0 != ::FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL, dwError,
                   dwLangId, szBuf, 511, NULL) )
      return WUFormatA("%s (0x%X)", szBuf, dwError);
    else
       return WUFormatA("Unknown error (0x%X)", dwError);
  }
  inline CStdStringW WUSysMessageW(DWORD dwError, DWORD dwLangId=SS_DEFLANGID)
  {
    WCHAR szBuf[512];

    if ( 0 != ::FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL, dwError,
                   dwLangId, szBuf, 511, NULL) )
      return WUFormatW(L"%s (0x%X)", szBuf, dwError);
    else
       return WUFormatW(L"Unknown error (0x%X)", dwError);
  }
#endif

// Define TCHAR based friendly names for some of these functions

#ifdef UNICODE
  //#define CStdString        CStdStringW
  typedef CStdStringW        CStdString;
  #define WUSysMessage      WUSysMessageW
  #define WUFormat        WUFormatW
#else
  //#define CStdString        CStdStringA
  typedef CStdStringA        CStdString;
  #define WUSysMessage      WUSysMessageA
  #define WUFormat        WUFormatA
#endif

// ...and some shorter names for the space-efficient

#define WUSysMsg          WUSysMessage
#define WUSysMsgA          WUSysMessageA
#define WUSysMsgW          WUSysMessageW
#define WUFmtA            WUFormatA
#define  WUFmtW            WUFormatW
#define WUFmt            WUFormat
#define WULastErrMsg()        WUSysMessage(::GetLastError())
#define WULastErrMsgA()        WUSysMessageA(::GetLastError())
#define WULastErrMsgW()        WUSysMessageW(::GetLastError())


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// FUNCTIONAL COMPARATORS:
// REMARKS:
//    These structs are derived from the std::binary_function template.  They
//    give us functional classes (which may be used in Standard C++ Library
//    collections and algorithms) that perform case-insensitive comparisons of
//    CStdString objects.  This is useful for maps in which the key may be the
//     proper string but in the wrong case.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define StdStringLessNoCaseW    SSLNCW  // avoid VC compiler warning 4786
#define StdStringEqualsNoCaseW    SSENCW
#define StdStringLessNoCaseA    SSLNCA
#define StdStringEqualsNoCaseA    SSENCA

#ifdef UNICODE
  #define StdStringLessNoCase    SSLNCW
  #define StdStringEqualsNoCase  SSENCW
#else
  #define StdStringLessNoCase    SSLNCA
  #define StdStringEqualsNoCase  SSENCA
#endif

struct StdStringLessNoCaseW
  : std::binary_function<CStdStringW, CStdStringW, bool>
{
  inline
  bool operator()(const CStdStringW& sLeft, const CStdStringW& sRight) const
  { return ssicmp(sLeft.c_str(), sRight.c_str()) < 0; }
};
struct StdStringEqualsNoCaseW
  : std::binary_function<CStdStringW, CStdStringW, bool>
{
  inline
  bool operator()(const CStdStringW& sLeft, const CStdStringW& sRight) const
  { return ssicmp(sLeft.c_str(), sRight.c_str()) == 0; }
};
struct StdStringLessNoCaseA
  : std::binary_function<CStdStringA, CStdStringA, bool>
{
  inline
  bool operator()(const CStdStringA& sLeft, const CStdStringA& sRight) const
  { return ssicmp(sLeft.c_str(), sRight.c_str()) < 0; }
};
struct StdStringEqualsNoCaseA
  : std::binary_function<CStdStringA, CStdStringA, bool>
{
  inline
  bool operator()(const CStdStringA& sLeft, const CStdStringA& sRight) const
  { return ssicmp(sLeft.c_str(), sRight.c_str()) == 0; }
};

// If we had to define our own version of TRACE above, get rid of it now

#ifdef TRACE_DEFINED_HERE
  #undef TRACE
  #undef TRACE_DEFINED_HERE
#endif


// These std::swap specializations come courtesy of Mike Crusader.

//namespace std
//{
//  inline void swap(CStdStringA& s1, CStdStringA& s2) throw()
//  {
//    s1.swap(s2);
//  }
//  template<>
//  inline void swap(CStdStringW& s1, CStdStringW& s2) throw()
//  {
//    s1.swap(s2);
//  }
//}

// Turn back on any Borland warnings we turned off.

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
    #pragma option pop  // Turn back on inline function warnings
//  #pragma warn +inl   // Turn back on inline function warnings
#endif

typedef std::vector<CStdString> CStdStringArray;

#endif  // #ifndef STDSTRING_H